Table 1 Thorax modifications resulting from the lack of wing muscles in additional taxa from three ant subfamilies (Dorylinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae) and a female mutillid wasp (subfamily Mutillinae, tribe Smicromyrmini or Trogaspidiini) examined by micro-CT and SEM
From: The loss of flight in ant workers enabled an evolutionary redesign of the thorax for ground labour
Subfamily | Species | Fusion of external plates (SEM)? | Angle of profurca platform? | Origin of direct head muscle Idlm1? | Indirect muscle Idvm5 enlarged? | Origin of mid- & hindlegs trochanter muscles? | Enlarged petiole muscles? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Formicinae | Colobopsis truncata | articulated pronotum and mesonotum | more vertical | mesonotum roof | pronotum larger | mesonotum roof | entire propodeum roof |
Dorylinae | Dorylus wilverthi | promesonotal fusion | more vertical | mesonotum roof | pronotum larger | mesonotum roof | entire roof |
Myrmicinae | Carebara perpusilla | promesonotal fusion | more vertical | absent a | pronotum larger | mesonotum roof | entire roof |
Myrmicinae | Melissotarsus beccarii | promesonotal fusion | more vertical | absent a | extremely large | mesonotum roof | highly reduced a |
Myrmicinae | Messor barbarus | promesonotal fusion | more vertical | mesonotum roof | pronotum larger | mesonotum roof | entire roof |
Myrmicinae | Pheidole oculata | promesonotal fusion | more vertical | mesonotum roof | pronotum larger | mesonotum roof | entire roof |
Mutillinae (Mutillidae) | unidentified | promesonotal fusion | tilted back | absentb | no, smaller than petiole | mesofurca for midlegs | past midlegs only |