Fig. 1

Time to reach specific Gosner stages for 50% of tadpoles experiencing elevated temperature and CO₂ treatments. Control – Ambient CO₂ (water pH = 7) and water temperature at 29 ± 1 °C; ETem32 – Water temperature elevated to 32 °C; ETem34 – Water temperature elevated to 34 °C. ECO2 – CO₂ bubbled to water to maintain pH at 5.5–5.6. Each bar is a least squares mean of three replicate tanks each containing 15 tadpoles. Least squares means with the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05