Fig. 3
From: Metabolic reprogramming involving glycolysis in the hibernating brown bear skeletal muscle
Repression of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in winter bear muscles. Protein or mRNA expression levels of fatty acid translocase (CD36), mitochondrial hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HADH), citrate synthase (CS) and subunits of the five oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes (C-I to C-V) were measured using RT-qPCR and/or Western-blot analysis in vastus lateralis muscle samples from brown bears in summer (white bars) and winter (black bars) (panels A and B; N = 8-12 per season). Corresponding blots are shown in Additional file 4: Figure S2. Maximum enzymatic activities (panels A and C) for HADH, CS and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) were measured at 33 °C and 37 °C (N = 7 per season). Data are expressed as means ± sem. Statistical significance is shown for paired student t-tests (* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01) or post-hoc Tukey tests that followed type III ANOVA (values that do not share the same superscript letter are significantly different; P < 0.05)