Similar rates of morphological evolution in domesticated and wild pigs and dogs

Table 6 Summarised evolutionary rates in darwins and haldanes per investigated group and comparisons with the literature

Group	n	Max	Min	Median (or single value)	mean
Skull measurements
Domestic dogs^a	12	7056, 0.082	10, 0.0002	700, 0.016	1018, 0.021
Domestic pig (Berkshire pig)^a	1	4085, 0.036	35, 0.001	3001, 0.023	2410, 0.020
Wolf (Canis lupus)^a	1	1680, 0.068	635, 0.026	1205, 0.058	1158, 0.052
Wild boar (Sus scrofa)^a	1	630, 0.012	18, 0.0005	231, 0.007	250, 0.006
Domestic (domestic dog and pig)^a	13	7056, 0.082	10, 0.0002	773, 0.016	1159, 0.021
Wild (wolf and boar)^a	2	1680, 0.068	18, 0.0005	633, 0.019	704, 0.029
Various traits
Different clades^b	30	–	–	1151, 0.006	–
Different clades, anthropogenic natural environment^c	15, 7	38,931, 1.142	109, 0.003	8812, 0.145	12,430, 0.239
Different clades, undisturbed natural environment^c	12, 14	11,171, 0.489	201, 0.003	2853, 0.102	3255, 0.161
Domestic pigs^d	2	10,310, 0.032	4718, 0.029	7063, 0.032	7063, 0.031
Swedish standardbred trotter horses^e	1	–	–	2065, 0.374	–
Greyhounds^f	1	–	–	578, 0.039	–

Darwin estimates are given before the comma, haldanes after the comma. Max, maximum evolutionary rate; min, minimum evolutionary rate; n, number of groups (breeds, species, subgroups, systems) that have been included into this summary for the two rates estimates, respectively (Tables 4 and 5)
^athis study, skull measurements
^bKinnison and Hendry [37], various phenotypic traits
^cHendry et al. [38], various phenotypic traits, allochronic data only
^dMerks [14], production traits (weight gain (g/d), feed efficiency (kg/kg), and backfat thickness (mm)) in two pig breeds (Dutch landrace and great Yorkshire) from 1930 to 1990 (rates calculated in this study)
^eArnason [39], best average racing time (sec/km) in Swedish standardbred trotter horses from 1976 to 1994 (rates calculated in this study)
^fHill & Bünger [40] and Denny [41], raw data from [42], wintimes (sec) in the English Greyhound Derby (over 480 m) from 1929 to 2011 (rates calculated in this study)

ISSN: 1742-9994