Table 3 The relationship between call F0 and the investigated (fixed) variables in the introduction, build-up, climax, and let-down

 Independent variable

Estimate ± SE

χ ²

p value

95% confidence interval

 Number of calls

0.07±0.06

1.16

0.282

−0.06 to 0.23

 Call duration

0.06±0.12

0.28

0.595

−0.19 to 0.32

 Context

0.23±0.10

3.62

0.057

−0.01 to 0.47

 Age

0.18±0.37

0.21

0.647

−0.65 to 1.18

 Dominance rank

0.15±0.18

0.64

0.424

−0.27 to 0.58

 Independent variable

Estimate ± SE

χ ²

p value

95% confidence interval

 Number of calls

−0.06±0.04

2.60

0.106

−0.16 to 0.02

 Call duration

−0.23±0.07

6.32

0.012

−0.38 to − 0.06

 Context

−0.17±0.11

1.72

0.190

−0.45 to 0.12

 Age

−0.04±0.10

0.18

0.672

−0.24 to 0.24

 Dominance rank

0.06±0.10

0.39

0.533

−0.23 to 0.27

 Independent variable

Estimate ± SE

χ ²

p value

95% confidence interval

 Number of calls

0.14±0.05

6.01

0.014

0.03 to 0.24

 Call duration

0.31±0.07

8.61

<0.001

0.15 to 0.46

 Context

−0.38±0.13

7.53

0.006

−0.73 to −0.12

 Age

0.04±0.06

0.43

0.513

−0.09 to 0.31

 Dominance rank

0.04±0.13

0.09

0.758

−0.26 to 0.32

 Independent variable

Estimate ± SE

χ ²

p value

95% confidence interval

 Number of calls

0.18±0.05

9.31

0.002

0.07 to 0.28

 Call duration

0.04±0.07

0.27

0.600

−0.12 to 0.19

 Context

−0.28±0.12

5.45

0.019

−0.57 to −0.05

 Age

−0.03±0.12

0.08

0.772

−0.35 to 0.23

 Dominance rank

0.02±0.06

0.12

0.726

−0.17 to 0.17