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Table 3 DFA results for calf calls

From: The power of oral and nasal calls to discriminate individual mothers and offspring in red deer, Cervus elaphus

Call variable

Oral calls

Nasal calls

Oral + Nasal calls

 

Wilks’ lambda

Variable effect

Wilks’ lambda

Variable effect

Wilks’ lambda

Variable effect

durat

0.632018

F = 4.440

0.668077

F = 3.323

0.674678

F = 7.715

dur-to-max

0.839782

F = 1.455

0.776154

F = 1.929

0.886460

F = 2.049

f0beg

0.498984

F = 7.656

0.447194

F = 8.267

0.545710

F = 13.320

f0end

0.830615

F = 1.555

0.858480

F = 1.102

0.904361

F = 1.692

f0max

0.783864

F = 2.102

0.772026

F = 1.975

0.814221

F = 3.651

f0mean

0.779072

F = 2.162

0.820857

F = 1.459

0.816577

F = 3.594

∆f0

0.934081

F = 0.538

0.854374

F = 1.140

0.953091

F = 0.787

q25

0.832533

F = 1.534

0.784757

F = 1.834

0.890603

F = 1.965

q50

0.886230

F = 0.979

0.837572

F = 1.297

0.929386

F = 1.216

q75

0.754355

F = 2.483

0.668245

F = 3.320

0.811584

F = 3.715

power-f0

0.643181

F = 4.230

0.764927

F = 2.055

0.854513

F = 2.724

  1. The Wilks’ Lambda values and variable effects are presented for each acoustic variable included in the three independent DFAs for call assignment to individual in calves on the basis of oral calls, nasal calls, and the pooled sample of oral and nasal calls. The smaller the Wilks’ Lambda value, the greater the contribution of the given call variable to the overall discrimination. For each DFA, the three variables that contributed the most to discrimination are highlighted in bold. Designations as in Table 1.