Frontiers in Zoology

Table 2 Egg rejection response and latency to rejection by thrushes

From: Host responses to interspecific brood parasitism: a by-product of adaptations to conspecific parasitism?

Type of parasitism	Blackbird			Song thrush
	ddf	F	P	ddf	F	P
CONSPECIFIC
(R)ejection
Breeding density	105	5.31	0.02	41	3.01	0.09
Clutch	101	1.43	0.24	39	0.79	0.38
Nest stage	98	1.00	0.40	35	0.67	0.57
Laying date	97	0.92	0.34	38	0.63	0.43
Latency to (r)ejection
Breeding density	48	2.94	0.09	11	1.22	0.29
Clutch	44	0.19	0.66	11	5.13	0.04
Nest stage	41	0.70	0.56	8	1.38	0.32
Laying date	47	0.64	0.43	7	0.05	0.82
INTERSPECIFIC
Ejection
Geography	455	7.30	0.0008	216	0.59	0.55
Egg model	455	29.57	<0.0001	216	20.40	<0.0001
G*E	446	1.11	0.33	206	0.24	0.79
Clutch	449	0.40	0.53	208	0.70	0.40
Nest stage	455	5.41	0.001	213	2.31	0.08
Laying date	448	0.04	0.85	212	1.63	0.20
Latency to ejection
Geography	308	0.16	0.86	101	2.53	0.08
Egg model	308	29.87	<0.0001	101	0.33	0.57
G*E	300	2.53	0.08	95	1.33	0.27
Clutch	303	0.29	0.59	101	7.99	0.006
Nest stage	308	3.86	0.01	98	1.97	0.12
Laying date	302	0.05	0.82	97	0.40	0.53

Response to conspecific egg in blackbirds includes nest desertion (i.e., abandoning the whole clutch), together with egg ejection (i.e., selective removal of a foreign egg), as rejection response to parasitism (see Results, and the Additional file 1: Appendices). All other responses (conspecific in song thrush, and interspecific in both thrushes) exclude desertion from analyses (for complete results, see Additional file 1: Appendix 2). Test statistics and P-values for non-significant terms are from backward elimination procedure just before the particular term (being the least significant) was removed from the model. Results of significant predictors from final models are in boldface. For effect sizes see Figures 2, 3 and Results. G = geography, E = egg model.

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ISSN: 1742-9994

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