Table 1 Dataset used for comparative analyses, including wet body mass (M b ), flight muscle ratio (FMR), wing loading (WL), dietary specialization (pollen/nectar or animal protein) and food manipulation ability (0 = unable to manipulate food load, 1 = able to manipulate food load)
Taxonomy | Species | Species used in the phylogenetic reconstruction | Diet | Food manipulation ability | Mb(g) | FMR | WL (g/cm2) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apoidea: Apidae | Amegilla dawsoni | Amegilla asserta | Pollen | 1 | 0.700 | - | 0.31 | [21] |
Apoidea: Apidae | Anthophora sp. | Anthophora montana | Pollen | 1 | 0.133 | 0.396 | 0.183 | This study |
Apoidea: Apidae | Apis mellifera | Apis mellifera | Pollen | 1 | 0.094 | 0.358 | 0.170 | This study |
Apoidea: Apidae | Bombus impatiens | Bombus diversus | Pollen | 1 | 0.201 | 0.261 | 0.287 | [22] |
Apoidea: Apidae | Bombus sp. 1 | Bombus ardens | Pollen | 1 | 0.208 | 0.374 | 0.220 | This study |
Apoidea: Apidae | Bombus sp. 2 | Bombus mendax | Pollen | 1 | 0.204 | 0.401 | 0.199 | This study |
Apoidea: Apidae | Xylocopa varipuncta | Xylocopa pubescens | Pollen | 1 | 0.838 | 0.342 | 0.331 | [23] |
Apoidea: Megachilidae | Anthidium manicatum | Anthidium porterae | Pollen | 1 | 0.154 | 0.344 | 0.205 | This study |
Apoidea: Megachilidae | Megachile rotundata | Megachile pugnata | Pollen | 1 | 0.102 | 0.32 | 0.178 | This study |
Apoidea: Megachilidae | Osmia rufa | Osmia lignaria | Pollen | 1 | 0.187 | 0.353 | 0.223 | This study |
Apoidea: Sphecidae | Ammophila sabulosa | Ammophila sp. JC134 | Prey | 0 | 0.026 | 0.409 | 0.075 | This study |
Apoidea: Sphecidae | Sceliphron curvatum | Sceliphron caementarium | Prey | 0 | 0.083 | 0.46 | 0.094 | This study |
Apoidea: Sphecidae | Sceliphron destillatorium | Sceliphron laetum | Prey | 0 | 0.181 | 0.44 | 0.124 | This study |
Apoidea: Sphecidae | Sphex rufocinctus | Sphex lucae | Prey | 0 | 0.118 | 0.426 | 0.109 | This study |
Apoidea: Crabronidae | Bembix olivacea | Bembix americana | Prey | 0 | 0.109 | 0.46 | 0.122 | This study |
Apoidea: Crabronidae | Bembix sinuata | Bembix dentilabris | Prey | 0 | 0.158 | 0.456 | 0.195 | This study |
Apoidea: Crabronidae | Bembix troglodytes | Bembix amoena | Prey | 0 | 0.099 | 0.36 | - | [24] |
Apoidea: Crabronidae | Oxybelus sp. | Oxybelus abdominalis | Prey | 0 | 0.008 | 0.374 | 0.087 | This study |
Apoidea: Crabronidae | Philanthus pulchellus | Philanthus gibbosus | Prey | 0 | 0.043 | 0.392 | 0.08 | This study |
Apoidea: Crabronidae | Philanthus triangulum | Philanthus sp. CSM-2006 | Prey | 0 | 0.092 | 0.401 | 0.116 | This study |
Vespoidea: Vespidae | Polistes dominulus | Polistes metricus | Prey | 1 | 0.065 | 0.369 | 0.085 | This study |
Vespoidea: Vespidae | Vespula germanica | Vespula germanica | Prey | 1 | 0.067 | 0.361 | - | [20] |
Vespoidea: Vespidae | Vespula maculifrons | Vespula maculifrons | Prey | 1 | 0.038 | 0.381 | - | [20] |
Vespoidea: Vespidae | Vespula vulgaris | Vespula squamosa | Prey | 1 | 0.078 | 0.344 | 0.139 | This study |
Vespoidea: Vespidae | Eumenes sp. 1 | Eumenes fraternus | Prey | 0 | 0.048 | 0.403 | 0.078 | This study |
Vespoidea: Vespidae | Eumenes sp. 2 | Eumenes tripunctatus | Prey | 0 | 0.042 | 0.375 | 0.098 | This study |
Vespoidea: Vespidae | Euodynerus sp. | Euodynerus megaera | Prey | 0 | 0.049 | 0.363 | 0.067 | This study |
Vespoidea: Vespidae | Monobia quandridens | Monobia quandridens | Prey | 0 | 0.218 | 0.385 | - | [25] |