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  2. While blood parasites are common in many birds in the wild, some groups seem to be much less affected. Seabirds, in particular, have often been reported free from blood parasites, even in the presence of poten...

    Authors: Petra Quillfeldt, Elena Arriero, Javier Martínez, Juan F Masello and Santiago Merino

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:26

    Content type: Research

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  3. Taxonomy or biological systematics is the basic scientific discipline of biology, postulating hypotheses of identity and relationships, on which all other natural sciences dealing with organisms relies. However, ...

    Authors: Heike Wägele, Annette Klussmann-Kolb, Michael Kuhlmann, Gerhard Haszprunar, David Lindberg, André Koch and J Wolfgang Wägele

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:25

    Content type: Debate

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  4. Maternal effects mediated by egg size and quality may profoundly affect offspring development and performance, and mothers may adjust egg traits according to environmental or social influences. In avian specie...

    Authors: Diego Rubolini, Maria Romano, Kristen J Navara, Filiz Karadas, Roberto Ambrosini, Manuela Caprioli and Nicola Saino

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:24

    Content type: Research

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  5. The mechanisms underlying the switching from an asexual to a sexual mode of reproduction, and vice versa, remain unknown in metazoans. In planarians, asexual worms acquire cryptic sexuality when fed with sexual w...

    Authors: Kazuya Kobayashi and Motonori Hoshi

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:23

    Content type: Research

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  6. Copepods outnumber every other multicellular animal group. They are critical components of the world's freshwater and marine ecosystems, sensitive indicators of local and global climate change, key ecosystem s...

    Authors: James E Bron, Dagmar Frisch, Erica Goetze, Stewart C Johnson, Carol Eunmi Lee and Grace A Wyngaard

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:22

    Content type: Debate

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  8. Hybridization can have complex effects on evolutionary dynamics in ants because of the combination of haplodiploid sex-determination and eusociality. While hybrid non-reproductive workers have been found in a ...

    Authors: Daniel JC Kronauer, Marcell K Peters, Caspar Schöning and Jacobus J Boomsma

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:20

    Content type: Research

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  9. In the adult males of helminthomorph millipedes, one or two pairs of legs in the anterior part of the trunk are strongly modified into sexual appendages (gonopods) used for sperm transfer during the copula. Go...

    Authors: Leandro Drago, Giuseppe Fusco, Elena Garollo and Alessandro Minelli

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:19

    Content type: Research

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  11. The now thriving field of neurophylogeny that links the morphology of the nervous system to early evolutionary events relies heavily on detailed descriptions of the neuronal architecture of taxa under scrutiny...

    Authors: Patrick Beckers, Simone Faller and Rudi Loesel

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:17

    Content type: Research

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  12. While the gene flow in some organisms is strongly affected by physical barriers and geographical distance, other highly mobile species are able to overcome such constraints. In southern South America, the Ande...

    Authors: Juan F Masello, Petra Quillfeldt, Gopi K Munimanda, Nadine Klauke, Gernot Segelbacher, H Martin Schaefer, Mauricio Failla, Maritza Cortés and Yoshan Moodley

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:16

    Content type: Research

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  14. Evolutionary arms-races between avian brood parasites and their hosts have typically resulted in some spectacular adaptations, namely remarkable host ability to recognize and reject alien eggs and, in turn, so...

    Authors: Tomáš Grim

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:14

    Content type: Commentary

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  15. Cooperation and conflict in social insects are closely linked to the genetic structure of the colony. Kin selection theory predicts conflict over the production of males between the workers and the queen and b...

    Authors: Anett Huth-Schwarz, Adolfo León, Rémy Vandame, Robin FA Moritz and F Bernhard Kraus

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:13

    Content type: Research

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  16. Holocentrids (squirrelfish and soldierfish) are vocal reef fishes whose calls and sound-producing mechanisms have been studied in some species only. The present study aims to compare sound-producing mechanisms...

    Authors: Eric Parmentier, Pierre Vandewalle, Christophe Brié, Laura Dinraths and David Lecchini

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:12

    Content type: Research

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  17. Ectoprocta is a large lophotrochozoan clade of colonial suspension feeders comprising over 5.000 extant species. Their phylogenetic position within the Lophotrochzoa remains controversially discussed, but also...

    Authors: Thomas Schwaha, Timothy S Wood and Andreas Wanninger

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:11

    Content type: Research

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  18. Dispersal rates, i.e. the effective number of dispersing individuals per unit time, are the product of dispersal capacity, i.e. a species physiological potential for dispersal, dispersal behaviour, i.e. the de...

    Authors: Christine HM Engelhardt, Peter Haase and Steffen U Pauls

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:10

    Content type: Research

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  19. Susceptibility to parasite infection affects fitness-related processes, such as mate choice and survival, yet its genetic regulation remains poorly understood. Interleukin-4 (IL4) plays a central role in the humo...

    Authors: Dagmar Clough, Peter M Kappeler and Lutz Walter

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:9

    Content type: Research

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  20. Rescuing amphibian diversity is an achievable conservation challenge. Disease mitigation is one essential component of population management. Here we assess existing disease mitigation strategies, some in earl...

    Authors: Douglas C Woodhams, Jaime Bosch, Cheryl J Briggs, Scott Cashins, Leyla R Davis, Antje Lauer, Erin Muths, Robert Puschendorf, Benedikt R Schmidt, Brandon Sheafor and Jamie Voyles

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:8

    Content type: Review

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  21. The genetic structure of the marble trout Salmo trutta marmoratus, an endemic salmonid of northern Italy and the Balkan peninsula, was explored at the macro- and micro-scale level using a combination of mitochond...

    Authors: José M Pujolar, Alvise N Lucarda, Mauro Simonato and Tomaso Patarnello

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:7

    Content type: Research

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  25. The detailed interpretation of mass phenomena such as human escape panic or swarm behaviour in birds, fish and insects requires detailed analysis of the 3D movements of individual participants. Here, we descri...

    Authors: Gerald Kastberger, Michael Maurer, Frank Weihmann, Matthias Ruether, Thomas Hoetzl, Ilse Kranner and Horst Bischof

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:3

    Content type: Methodology

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  26. There is a long-standing controversial about how parthenogenetic species can be defined in absence of a generally accepted species concept for this reproductive mode. An integrative approach was suggested, com...

    Authors: Michael Heethoff, Michael Laumann, Gerd Weigmann and Günther Raspotnig

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:2

    Content type: Research

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  30. Invertebrate nervous systems are highly disparate between different taxa. This is reflected in the terminology used to describe them, which is very rich and often confusing. Even very general terms such as 'br...

    Authors: Stefan Richter, Rudi Loesel, Günter Purschke, Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa, Gerhard Scholtz, Thomas Stach, Lars Vogt, Andreas Wanninger, Georg Brenneis, Carmen Döring, Simone Faller, Martin Fritsch, Peter Grobe, Carsten M Heuer, Sabrina Kaul, Ole S Møller…

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:29

    Content type: Debate

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  31. Mating plugs that males place onto the female genital tract are generally assumed to prevent remating with other males. Mating plugs are usually explained as a consequence of male-male competition in multiply ...

    Authors: Nadine Timmermeyer, Tobias Gerlach, Christian Guempel, Johanna Knoche, Jens F Pfann, Daniel Schliessmann and Nico K Michiels

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:28

    Content type: Research

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  32. Intra-specific competition occurs in all animal species and can lead to escalated conflict. Overt fighting entails the risk of injury or death, and is usually avoided through the use of conventions or pre-figh...

    Authors: Adam L Cronin and Thibaud Monnin

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:27

    Content type: Short report

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  33. The identification of vast numbers of unknown organisms using DNA sequences becomes more and more important in ecological and biodiversity studies. In this context, a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c ox...

    Authors: Michael J Raupach, Jonas J Astrin, Karsten Hannig, Marcell K Peters, Mark Y Stoeckle and Johann-Wolfgang Wägele

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:26

    Content type: Research

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  34. Several lineages within the Crustacea conquered land independently during evolution, thereby requiring physiological adaptations for a semi-terrestrial or even a fully terrestrial lifestyle. Birgus latro Linnaeus...

    Authors: Jakob Krieger, Renate E Sandeman, David C Sandeman, Bill S Hansson and Steffen Harzsch

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:25

    Content type: Research

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  35. European robins, Erithacus rubecula, show two types of directional responses to the magnetic field: (1) compass orientation that is based on radical pair processes and lateralized in favor of the right eye and (2...

    Authors: Roswitha Wiltschko, Dennis Gehring, Susanne Denzau, Onur Güntürkün and Wolfgang Wiltschko

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:24

    Content type: Research

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  37. In free-living flatworms somatic differentiated cells do not divide, and a separate population of stem cells (called neoblasts) is responsible for cell proliferation and renewal. In cestodes, there is evidence...

    Authors: Uriel Koziol, María F Domínguez, Mónica Marín, Alejandra Kun and Estela Castillo

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:22

    Content type: Research

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  38. Theria (marsupials and placental mammals) are characterized by a highly mobile pectoral girdle in which the scapula has been shown to be an important propulsive element during locomotion. Shoulder function and...

    Authors: John A Nyakatura and Martin S Fischer

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:21

    Content type: Research

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  41. In social insects, the queen is essential to the functioning and homeostasis of the colony. This influence has been demonstrated to be mediated through pheromone communication. However, the only social insect ...

    Authors: Alban Maisonnasse, Cédric Alaux, Dominique Beslay, Didier Crauser, Christian Gines, Erika Plettner and Yves Le Conte

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:18

    Content type: Research

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  42. Members of Family Nereididae have complex neural morphology exemplary of errant polychaetes and are leading research models in the investigation of annelid nervous systems. However, few studies focus on the de...

    Authors: Christopher J Winchell, Jonathan E Valencia and David K Jacobs

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:17

    Content type: Research

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  43. Taxonomy is the biological discipline that identifies, describes, classifies and names extant and extinct species and other taxa. Nowadays, species taxonomy is confronted with the challenge to fully incorporat...

    Authors: José M Padial, Aurélien Miralles, Ignacio De la Riva and Miguel Vences

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:16

    Content type: Review

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  44. During the non-breeding period, many birds migrate to milder areas, found closer to the equator than their breeding sites. Opposite movements are very rare. In the Southern Ocean, the abundance of 13C declines ma...

    Authors: Petra Quillfeldt, Juan F Masello, Rona AR McGill, Mark Adams and Robert W Furness

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:15

    Content type: Research

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  45. The allosteric respiratory protein hemocyanin occurs in gastropods as tubular di-, tri- and multimers of a 35 × 18 nm, ring-like decamer with a collar complex at one opening. The decamer comprises five subunit...

    Authors: Bernhard Lieb, Wolfgang Gebauer, Christos Gatsogiannis, Frank Depoix, Nadja Hellmann, Myroslaw G Harasewych, Ellen E Strong and Jürgen Markl

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:14

    Content type: Research

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  46. Paired mushroom bodies, an unpaired central complex, and bilaterally arranged clusters of olfactory glomeruli are among the most distinctive components of arthropod neuroarchitecture. Mushroom body neuropils, ...

    Authors: Carsten M Heuer, Carsten HG Müller, Christiane Todt and Rudi Loesel

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:13

    Content type: Research

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  47. Planktonic life history stages of spiralians share some muscular, nervous and ciliary system characters in common. The distribution of these characters is patchy and can be interpreted either as the result of ...

    Authors: Kate A Rawlinson

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:12

    Content type: Research

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  48. Sodium is critical for many physiological functions in insects. Herbivorous insects should expend considerable energy to compensate for sodium deficiency due to low sodium concentration in most inland plants u...

    Authors: Kai Xiao, Ke Shen, Jian-Feng Zhong and Guo-Qing Li

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:11

    Content type: Research

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  49. Methods of alignment masking, which refers to the technique of excluding alignment blocks prior to tree reconstructions, have been successful in improving the signal-to-noise ratio in sequence alignments. Howe...

    Authors: Patrick Kück, Karen Meusemann, Johannes Dambach, Birthe Thormann, Björn M von Reumont, Johann W Wägele and Bernhard Misof

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:10

    Content type: Methodology

    Published on:

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  • ISSN: 1742-9994 (electronic)

Frontiers in Zoology

ISSN: 1742-9994