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  1. Several alpine vertebrates share a distribution pattern that extends across the South-western Palearctic but is limited to the main mountain massifs. Although they are usually regarded as cold-adapted species,...

    Authors: Antton Alberdi, Ostaizka Aizpurua, Joxerra Aihartza and Inazio Garin
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. The popular view on insect sociality is that of a harmonious division of labor among two morphologically distinct and functionally non-overlapping castes. But this is a highly derived state and not a prerequis...

    Authors: Hans C Kelstrup, Klaus Hartfelder, Fabio S Nascimento and Lynn M Riddiford
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:78
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. The carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) superfamily is a class of ubiquitous metallo-enzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. The α-CA family, present in all metazoan clades, is a key ...

    Authors: Nathalie Le Roy, Daniel J Jackson, Benjamin Marie, Paula Ramos-Silva and Frédéric Marin
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:75
    Content type: Review Published on:

  4. Many species of ambystomatid salamanders are dependent upon highly variable temporary wetlands for larval development. High larval densities may prompt the expression of a distinct head morphology that may fac...

    Authors: Dale M Jefferson, Maud CO Ferrari, Alicia Mathis, Keith A Hobson, Eric R Britzke, Adam L Crane, Andrew R Blaustein and Douglas P Chivers
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Since its introduction from Taiwan to Europe around 1980, Anguillicola crassus, a natural parasite of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), has acquired the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) as a novel definitive ...

    Authors: Urszula Weclawski, Emanuel G Heitlinger, Tobias Baust, Bernhard Klar, Trevor Petney, Yu-San Han and Horst Taraschewski
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Limnognathia maerski is the single species of the recently described taxon, Micrognathozoa. The most conspicuous character of this animal is the complex set of jaws, which resembles an even more intricate version...

    Authors: Nicolas Bekkouche, Reinhardt M Kristensen, Andreas Hejnol, Martin V Sørensen and Katrine Worsaae
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:71
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Climate and environmental change have driven widespread changes in body size, particularly declines, across a range of taxonomic groups in recent decades. Size declines could substantially impact on the functi...

    Authors: Tom HE Mason, Marco Apollonio, Roberta Chirichella, Stephen G Willis and Philip A Stephens
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:88

  13. Freshwater fishes of the genus Esox are found throughout the Holarctic region. The northern pike (E. lucius) has a circumpolar distribution whereas the assumed sister species the Amur pike (E. reichertii) is only...

    Authors: Anna Skog, L Asbjørn Vøllestad, Nils Chr Stenseth, Alexander Kasumyan and Kjetill S Jakobsen
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Many prey species around the world are suffering declines due to a variety of interacting causes such as land use change, climate change, invasive species and novel disease. Recent studies on the ecological ro...

    Authors: Benjamin L Allen, Lee R Allen, Richard M Engeman and Luke K-P Leung
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. When birds fly in cluttered environments, they must tailor their flight to the gaps that they traverse. We trained budgerigars, Melopsittacus undulatus, to fly through a vertically oriented gap of variable width,...

    Authors: Ingo Schiffner, Hong D Vo, Partha S Bhagavatula and Mandyam V Srinivasan
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:64
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. In previous work, the authors described a software package for the digitisation of 3D landmarks for use in geometric morphometrics. In this paper, we describe extensions to this software that allow semi-automa...

    Authors: Paul A Bromiley, Anja C Schunke, Hossein Ragheb, Neil A Thacker and Diethard Tautz
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:61
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  18. The success of a taxonomic group can be promoted by a key character that allows the group to interact with its environment in a different way and to potentially occupy new niches. The Pomacentridae possess a s...

    Authors: Damien Olivier, Bruno Frédérich, Milton Spanopoulos-Zarco, Eduardo F Balart and Eric Parmentier
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Daphnia magna exhibits a parthenogenetic reproductive cycle linked to a moulting cycle, but regulatory mechanisms of neither moulting nor reproductive cycle are understood in daphnids. Moulting is regulated by ec...

    Authors: Eri Sumiya, Yukiko Ogino, Hitoshi Miyakawa, Chizue Hiruta, Kenji Toyota, Shinichi Miyagawa and Taisen Iguchi
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Chitin is a biopolymer that forms the exoskeleton of arthropods, and is found in the cell walls of fungi. It has a wide range of uses in fields such as cosmetics, pharmacy, medicine, bioengineering, agricultur...

    Authors: Murat Kaya, Osman Seyyar, Talat Baran and Tuncay Turkes
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. The vertebrate brain is a highly energy consuming organ that requires continuous energy provision. Energy metabolism of ectothermic organisms is directly affected by environmental temperature changes and has b...

    Authors: Yung-Che Tseng, Sian-Tai Liu, Marian Y Hu, Ruo-Dong Chen, Jay-Ron Lee and Pung-Pung Hwang
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Cephalopods have evolved strong acid–base regulatory abilities to cope with CO2 induced pH fluctuations in their extracellular compartments to protect gas transport via highly pH sensitive hemocyanins. To date, t...

    Authors: Marian Y Hu, Ying-Jey Guh, Meike Stumpp, Jay-Ron Lee, Ruo-Dong Chen, Po-Hsuan Sung, Yu-Chi Chen, Pung-Pung Hwang and Yung-Che Tseng
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Morphological integration and modularity depend on genetic covariation between traits, which emerges from pleiotropic effects of single loci and genetic linkage between loci. Since chromosomal reorganizations ...

    Authors: Jessica Martínez-Vargas, Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz, Nuria Medarde, María José López-Fuster and Jacint Ventura
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone be...

    Authors: Miriam Liedvogel, Keith W Larson, Max Lundberg, Arzu Gursoy, Leonard I Wassenaar, Keith A Hobson, Staffan Bensch and Susanne Åkesson
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. All bird eggs are exposed to microbes in the environment, which if transmitted to the developing embryo, could cause hatching failure. However, the risk of trans-shell infection varies with environmental condi...

    Authors: Nicholas PC Horrocks, Kathryn Hine, Arne Hegemann, Henry K Ndithia, Mohammed Shobrak, Stéphane Ostrowski, Joseph B Williams, Kevin D Matson and B Irene Tieleman
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. As an ecological adaptation venoms have evolved independently in several species of Metazoa. As haematophagous arthropods ticks are mainly considered as ectoparasites due to directly feeding on the skin of ani...

    Authors: Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz and James J Valdés
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. The transfer of antibodies from mother to offspring is key to protecting young animals from disease and can have a major impact on responses to infection and offspring fitness. Such maternal effects also allow...

    Authors: Christina M Coakley, Vincent Staszewski, Katherine A Herborn and Emma JA Cunningham
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:46
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Many potential hosts of social parasites recognize and reject foreign intruders, and reduce or altogether escape the negative impacts of parasitism. The ontogenetic basis of whether and how avian hosts recogni...

    Authors: Csaba Moskát, Miklós Bán and Márk E Hauber
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. In insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structu...

    Authors: Reinhold Hustert, Matthias Frisch, Alexander Böhm and Günther Pass
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:43
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The posterodorsal part of the medial amygdala is essential for processing reproductively salient sensory information in rodents. This is the initial brain structure where information from olfactory system and ...

    Authors: Shantala Arundathi Hari Dass and Ajai Vyas
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:42
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Urbanization is a global phenomenon that is encroaching on natural habitats and decreasing biodiversity, although it is creating new habitats for some species. The Eurasian kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) is frequent...

    Authors: Petra Sumasgutner, Erwin Nemeth, Graham Tebb, Harald W Krenn and Anita Gamauf
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Life history theories predict that investment in current reproduction comes at a cost for future reproduction and survival. Oxidative stress is one of the best documented mechanisms underlying costs of reprodu...

    Authors: Marine I Plumel, Antoine Stier, Danièle Thiersé, Alain van Dorsselaer, François Criscuolo and Fabrice Bertile
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization are two major nonexclusive causes of haplotype sharing between species. Distinguishing between these two processes is notoriously difficult as they can generate sim...

    Authors: Wenjuan Wang, Chuanyin Dai, Per Alström, Chunlan Zhang, Yanhua Qu, Shou-Hsien Li, Xiaojun Yang, Na Zhao, Gang Song and Fumin Lei
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Temperate winters produce extreme energetic challenges for small insectivorous mammals. Some bat species inhabiting locations with mild temperate winters forage during brief inter-torpor normothermic periods o...

    Authors: Paul R Hope, Kristine Bohmann, M Thomas P Gilbert, Marie Lisandra Zepeda-Mendoza, Orly Razgour and Gareth Jones
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. The Damaraland mole-rat (Fukomys damarensis) is a eusocial, subterranean mammal, which exhibits an extreme reproductive skew with a single female (queen) monopolizing reproduction in each colony. Non-reproductive...

    Authors: Cornelia Voigt, Manfred Gahr, Stefan Leitner, Heike Lutermann and Nigel Bennett
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:38
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Diaptomid copepods are prevalent throughout continental waters of the Neotropics, yet little is known about their biogeography. In this study we investigate the main biogeographical patterns among the neotropi...

    Authors: Gilmar Perbiche-Neves, Daniel Previattelli, Marcio R Pie, Andressa Duran, Eduardo Suárez-Morales, Geoffrey A Boxshall, Marcos G Nogueira and Carlos EF da Rocha
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Though it has long been known that the prosomal ganglion of scorpions is supplied by a dense system of arteries, the pattern of this network has never been described and analyzed in detail. Using MicroCT in co...

    Authors: Bastian J Klußmann-Fricke, Sebastian W Pomrehn and Christian S Wirkner
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:28
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Metamorphic remodeling of the nervous system and its organization in juvenile may shed light on early steps of evolution and can be used as an important criterion for establishing the relationships among large...

    Authors: Elena N Temereva and Eugeni B Tsitrin
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Why have birds evolved the ability to reject eggs? Typically, foreign egg discrimination is interpreted as evidence that interspecific brood parasitism (IP) has selected for the host’s ability to recognize and...

    Authors: Peter Samas, Mark E Hauber, Phillip Cassey and Tomas Grim
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:34
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. The homology of the digits in the bird wing is a high-profile controversy in developmental and evolutionary biology. The embryonic position of the digits cartilages with respect to the primary axis (ulnare and...

    Authors: Miguel Salinas-Saavedra, Cristian Gonzalez-Cabrera, Luis Ossa-Fuentes, Joao F Botelho, Macarena Ruiz-Flores and Alexander O Vargas
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:33
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Domestication can lead to marked alterations in the biobehavioural profile of a species. Furthermore, during ontogeny, the individual phenotype of an animal can be shaped by the environment in important phases...

    Authors: Benjamin Zipser, Anja Schleking, Sylvia Kaiser and Norbert Sachser
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. To increase fertilization success, males transfer accessory gland products (Acps). Several species have evolved unconventional Acps transfer modes, meaning that Acps are transferred separately from the sperm. ...

    Authors: Z Valentina Zizzari, Irene Smolders and Joris M Koene
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:32
    Content type: Review Published on:

  49. Kinorhyncha is a clade of marine invertebrate meiofauna. Their body plan includes a retractable introvert bearing rings of cuticular spines, and a limbless trunk with distinct segmentation of nervous, muscular...

    Authors: María Herranz, Michael J Boyle, Fernando Pardos and Ricardo C Neves
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. The computational demands of sociality (maintaining group cohesion, reducing conflict) and ecological problems (extractive foraging, memorizing resource locations) are the main drivers proposed to explain the ...

    Authors: Elodie F Briefer, Samaah Haque, Luigi Baciadonna and Alan G McElligott
    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2014 11:20
    Content type: Research Published on:
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  • ISSN: 1742-9994 (electronic)

Frontiers in Zoology

ISSN: 1742-9994