From: Mitochondria as a target and central hub of energy division during cold stress in insects
Chill susceptible/Chill tolerant | Freeze avoiding/Freeze tolerant | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genes | Acclimated | ↑ | ATPase (A. colemani) [100]b | ↑↓ | COX (E. scudderiana) [35]c |
↑↓ | 12S rRNA (E. scudderiana) [35]c | ||||
↑ | HSP60 (D. antiqua) [103]c | ||||
↓ | HSP60 (L. decemlineata) [104]c | ||||
Non-acclimated | ↑ | COX (D. simulans) [51] | ↑ | ||
↑↓ | HSP60 (D. melanogaster) [106] | ↑ | HSP60 (F. occidentalis) [107] | ||
↑ | HSP22 (D. melanogaster) [106] | ↑ | HSP60 (G. daurica) [108] | ||
↑ | HSP23 (D. melanogaster) [106] | ↑ | HSP60 (M. alternatus) [109] | ||
↑ | mt:ND4 (D. melanogaster) [52] | ||||
↑ | mt:ND5 (D. melanogaster) [52] | ||||
↑↓ | mt:COXI (D. melanogaster) [52] | ||||
↑↓ | mt:COXII (D. melanogaster) [52] | ||||
↑ | UCP4C (D. melanogaster) [54] | ||||
↑↓ | HSP23 (D. melanogaster) [110] | ||||
↑ | HSP23 (S. crassipalpis) [111] | ||||
↑ | AccSCO2 (A. cerana) [112] | ||||
↑ | MUP2 (A. melifera) [55] | ||||
Energetic parameters | Acclimated | ↑ | ATP (A. diaperinus) [41]b | ↓ | cyt. b (G. groenlandicai) [84] |
↑ | TCA (A. colemani) [61] | ↓ | 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (E. solidaginis) [79]c | ||
↑ | citrate (D. melanogaster) [77] | ↓ | thiolase (E. solidaginis) [79]c | ||
↑ | aconitate (D. melanogaster) [77] | ↓ | cyt. c (G. groenlandicai) [44] | ||
↓ | ketoglutarate (D. melanogaster) [77] | ↓ | CS (C. costata) [76] | ||
↓ | succinate (D. melanogaster) [77] | ↓ | NAD-IDH (E. solidaginis) [47]c | ||
↓ | fumarate (D. melanogaster) [77] | ↓↑ | state 4 (C. costata) [59]c | ||
↓ | OCR (D. melanogaster) [60] | ↑ | ATP (C. costata) [59]c | ||
↑ | ADP/O (D. melanogaster) [60]a | ↑ | 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (E. scudderiana) [79]c | ||
↑↓ | RCR (D. melanogaster) [60] | ↑ | thiolase (E. scudderiana) [79]c | ||
↓ | ATP (D. melanogaster) [60] | ||||
↑ | ATP (S. crassipalpis) [44]b | ||||
Non-acclimated | ↓ | RCR (G. coquereliana) [89] | ↑ | NAD-IDH (E. solidaginis) [47]c | |
↓ | state 3 (G. coquereliana) [89] | ↓ | State 4 (C. costata) [59]c | ||
↓ | OCR (D. melanogaster) [60] | ↓ | GDH (E. scudderiana) [47]c | ||
↑↓ | RCR (D. melanogaster) [60] | ||||
↓ | ATP (D. melanogaster) [60] | ||||
↓ | ATP (S. crassipalpis) [44] | ||||
Proteins, enzymes | Acclimated | ↑ | Aconitase (A. colemani) [61] | ↓ | COX (E. solidaginis) [47]c |
↑ | Fumarase (A. colemani) [61] | ↑ | HSP70 (E. solidaginis) [113]b,c | ||
↑ | Malate dehydrogenase (A. colemani) [61] | ↑↓ | HSP70 (E. solidaginis) [113]c | ||
↓ | |||||
↑↓ | SOD (E. solidaginis) [114]c | ||||
↑ | SOD (E. scudderiana) [114]c | ||||
Non-acclimated | ↓ | GSHt (A. diaperinus) [115] | |||
↑ | UCP (G. coquereliana) [89] | ||||
↑ | |||||
↑ | HSP70 (S. exigua) [117] | ||||
↓ | HSP60 (S. exigua) [117] | ||||
↓↑ | procaspase-9-like (D. melanogaster) [58] | ||||
↓↑ | caspase-3-like (D. melanogaster) [58] | ||||
↓ | Bcl-2 (D. melanogaster) [58] |