Fig. 3From: Pollinating fig wasps’ simple solutions to complex sex ratio problems: a reviewThe development of the female flowers of Ficus. a Consider the existence of bladders to be unimportant. b Considers the existence of bladders. They will develop into seeds, galls containing pollinating wasps (pw), gall wasps (gw) or parasitoid and kleptoparasitoid wasps (pkw) or bladders. Bladders are the result of developmental failureBack to article page