Fig. 13

Distribution of chondrocranial diversity in 21 bird species as atomized here in 15 characters. The seeming inconsistence in the mapping of the characters in the tree is based on the fact that many parts of the tree are unresolved or that the ancestral condition is uncertain. a Pathways of development (Table 3) and b Presence/absence of chondrocranial elements (Table 4). Elements on the tree result from character mapping as described in the development process