Polymorphism of winter phenotype in Siberian hamster: consecutive litters do not differ in photoresponsiveness but prolonged acclimation to long photoperiod inhibits winter molt

Table 1 Results of the type III analysis of variance calculated for offspring body mass in Siberian hamster

Model no	Trait	Model	Factors	F(df)	P-value
1	m_b until 32-day of life	LME	age	633.54 (7, 55)	0.006
			litter order	3.49 (1, 374)	0.062
			litter size	9.45 (2, 283)	0.002
			dam m_b	5.95 (1, 23)	0.026
			age × litter order	5.86 (7, 351)	< 0.001
			litter order×litter size	5.98 (1, 372)	0.015
2	m_b between 45 and 90-day of life	LME	age	108.05 (3, 601)	< 0.001
			litter order	0.58 (1, 188)	0.447
			sex	318.83 (1, 485)	< 0.001
			age × litter order	4.78 (3, 601)	0.003
			litter order × sex	3.58 (1, 485)	0.011
3	m_b prior to transfer to SP	GLM	litter order	2.44 (1, 199)	0.120
			duration of LP acclimation	1.61 (1,199)	0.206
			sex	136.26 (1, 199)	<0.001
4	m_b after 16 weeks under SP	GLM	litter order	0.81 (1, 186)	0.368
			duration of LP acclimation	1.55 (1, 186)	0.214
			sex	0.34 (1, 186)	0.563
			torpor use	17.02 (2, 186)	< 0.001
			molting	81.71 (2, 186)	< 0.001
			initial mb	11.10 (1, 186)	0.001
			sex × torpor use	4.58 (2, 186)	0.034
			sex × molt	9.45 (2, 186)	0.002

m_b body mass, SP short photoperiod, LP long photoperiod, LME linear mixed effect model, GLM general linear model. Significant effects are indicated in bold

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