From: Rutting vocal display in male impala (Aepyceros melampus) and overlap with alarm context
Roar variable | All roars n = 201 | Continuous roars n = 35 | Interrupted roars n = 92 | Pant-roars n = 74 | GLM roar type effect | GLM recording site effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dur (s) | 2.89 ± 1.66 | 1.65 ± 0.47 a | 3.04 ± 1.79 b | 3.28 ± 1.59 b | F2,192 = 14.2, p < 0.001 | F6,192 = 10.4, p < 0.001 |
f0mean (Hz) | 50.5 ± 4.8 | 49.7 ± 3.4 | 50.1 ± 3.6 | 51.4 ± 6.3 | F2,192 = 0.43, p = 0.65 | F6,192 = 5.21, p < 0.001 |
F1 (Hz) | 349 ± 28 | 345 ± 31 | 353 ± 27 | 347 ± 27 | F2,192 = 0.99, p = 0.38 | F6,192 = 3.19, p = 0.005 |
F2 (Hz) | 745 ± 53 | 746 ± 59 | 743 ± 54 | 747 ± 49 | F2,192 = 0.39, p = 0.68 | F6,192 = 3.91, p = 0.001 |
F3 (Hz) | 1270 ± 66 | 1245 ± 61 a | 1284 ± 66 b | 1264 ± 66 a, b | F2,192 = 3.18, p = 0.04 | F6,192 = 9.20, p < 0.001 |
F4 (Hz) | 1741 ± 134 | 1738 ± 154 | 1747 ± 136 | 1734 ± 121 | F2,192 = 0.59, p = 0.56 | F6,192 = 10.5, p < 0.001 |
dF (Hz) | 464 ± 44 | 464 ± 51 | 464 ± 45 | 462 ± 38 | F2,192 = 0.32, p = 0.73 | F2,198 = 8.46, p < 0.001 |
vtl (mm) | 381 ± 39 | 382 ± 45 | 381 ± 41 | 381 ± 33 | F2,192 = 0.56, p = 0.57 | F6,192 = 7.82, p < 0.001 |
n exhalation-inhalation cycles | 4.67 ± 3.50 | 1.00 ± 0.00 a | 3.63 ± 1.69 b | 7.69 ± 3.58 c | F2,192 = 109.1, p < 0.001 | F6,192 = 11.6, p < 0.001 |
one exhalatory phase duration (s) | 0.64 ± 0.46 | 1.40 ± 0.43 a | 0.63 ± 0.27 b | 0.30 ± 0.10 c | F2,192 = 246.2, p < 0.001 | F6,192 = 8.32, p < 0.001 |
one inhalatory phase duration (s) a | 0.21 ± 0.11 | 0.31 ± 0.13 a | 0.24 ± 0.11 b | 0.15 ± 0.03 c | F2,179 = 36.5, p < 0.001 | F6,179 = 6.93, p < 0.001 |
time spent exhaling (%) | 75.6 ± 10.8 | 87.3 ± 11.4 a | 76.8 ± 8.1 b | 68.6 ± 7.8 c | F2,192 = 52.5, p < 0.001 | F6,192 = 7.15, p < 0.001 |
time spent inhaling (%) | 24.4 ± 10.8 | 12.7 ± 11.4 a | 23.2 ± 8.1 b | 31.4 ± 7.8 c | F2,192 = 52.5, p < 0.001 | F2,198 = 7.15, p < 0.001 |