Table 1 Occurrence of the five call types in male impala bouts of rutting calls
From: Rutting vocal display in male impala (Aepyceros melampus) and overlap with alarm context
Types of rutting calls | n calls | n first calls in bouts | n last calls in bouts | n bouts with this call type | n calls/bout mean ± SD (min-max) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Continuous roar | 188 (6.9%) | 2 (1.0%) | 3 (1.5%) | 81 (40.3%) | 2.3 ± 2.1 (1–11) |
Interrupted roar | 266 (9.8%) | 5 (2.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 134 (66.7%) | 2.0 ± 1.3 (1–12) |
Pant-roar | 270 (10.0%) | 21 (10.4%) | 4 (2.0%) | 104 (51.7%) | 2.6 ± 1.8 (1–11) |
Usual snort | 1822 (67.3%) | 173 (86.1%) | 186 (92.5%) | 69 (34.3%) | 9.1 ± 5.0 (2–25) |
Roar-snort | 163 (6.0%) | 0 | 5 (2.5%) | 201 (100%) | 2.4 ± 0.2 (1–9) |
All roars | 724 (26.7%) | 28 (13.9%) | 10 (5.0%) | 201 (100%) | 3.6 ± 2.9 (1–21) |
All snorts | 1985 (73.3%) | 173 (86.1%) | 191 (95.0%) | 201 (100%) | 9.9 ± 5.1 (2–27) |
Total | 2709 | 201 | 201 | 201 | 13.5 ± 6.5 (4–38) |