Fig. 4

Genomic regions with strong selective signals in Tarim red deer. a Distribution of F_ST values calculated in 10-kb sliding windows. b Distribution of XP-EHH values calculated in 10-kb sliding windows. The dotted line above the figure corresponds to the top 5% of outliers with XP-EHH values > 2.1376. c Distribution of log₂ (θπ•control/θπ•Tarim red deer) and the top 5% highest Z(F_ST) values calculated in 40-kb sliding windows with 20-kb increments between Tarim red deer and the control Tule elk population. Data points in red [corresponding to the top 5% of the empirical log₂ (θπ ratio) with values > 0.827 and the top 5% of the empirical Z(F_ST) distribution with values > 0.734] are genomic regions under selection in Tarim red deer. The genes visualized in (a) and (b) are candidate genes in the Tarim red deer. d Venn diagram of candidate genes screened by F_ST-θπ and XP-EHH in Tarim red deer