Fig. 4

Discriminant function scores of USV emission and latency to reproduce. Each symbol represents one genetically unrelated (blue circles) or related (red triangles) breeding pair and lines connect individual pairs to the corresponding group centroid. a Introduction phase: larger DFA scores represent a higher number of simple syllables, longer durations and higher frequencies; smaller scores indicate a higher number of short syllables and lower frequencies. b Direct interaction phase: larger DFA scores represent longer USVs and a higher number of complex syllables; smaller scores indicate a higher number of short syllables.