Fig. 4
From: Goats distinguish between positive and negative emotion-linked vocalisations
Experimental enclosure. The experimental apparatus (7 m × 5 m) consisted of a start pen connected by a door to a central arena. The loudspeaker was placed at the far end of the arena (outside the perimeter) and was covered with hunting net and natural vegetation. The experimenter remained inside the start pen during the tests, out of view, behind a PVC garden screening fence