Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | Frontiers in Zoology

Fig. 1

From: The effect of pre-laying maternal immunization on offspring growth and immunity differs across experimentally altered postnatal rearing conditions in a wild songbird

Fig. 1

The scheme of the experimental design. Stage I included injection of females with saline (PBS) or lippolysaccharide (LPS) on the day of completion of their first clutches (first clutches with nests were subsequently removed). Stage II included cross-fostering of nestlings between repeated broods of control and LPS-immunized females (a part of the broods could not be cross-fostered, but they were included to dataset), with simultaneous brood size manipulation (half of the broods were enlarged by adding three nestlings, and the other half remained unchanged). As a result, we had a 2 × 2 factorial design for our experiment, with four sub-groups of nestlings: PBS-F/Control-B – nestlings of control females reared in control (non-manipulated) broods, PBS-F/Enlarged-B – nestlings of control females reared in enlarged broods, LPS-F/Control-B – nestlings of LPS-immunized females reared in control broods and LPS-F/Enlarged-B – nestlings of LPS-immunized females reared in enlarged broods

Back to article page

Frontiers in Zoology

ISSN: 1742-9994