Fig. 1

a – Larval development of Carcinus maenas L. (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) modified from Rice and Ingle (1975). b – ontogenetic change of appendage function during the double metamorphosis (see text for further details). Abbreviations: Ey - compound eye, DS - dorsal spine, Md – mandibular segment, Mx1, Mx2 – segments of 1^st and 2^nd maxilla, P1–5 - pereiopod one to five, PM1–6 - pleomeres one to six, RS - rostral spine, T1-8 – thoracomeres one to eight