House sparrows’ (Passer domesticus) behaviour in a novel environment is modulated by social context and familiarity in a sex-specific manner

Table 3 Effect of ‘part of the day’ (morning or afternoon), ‘round of tests’ (first, second or third), ‘sex’ (female or male), ‘social context’ (individual, unfamiliar, familiar) and interaction between ‘social context’ and ‘sex’ on number of sectors visited

Fixed effect	Comparison	Estimate	2% CI	98% CI	P value
Part of the day	Morning vs afternoon	−0.328	−0.542	−0.113	0.002
Sex	Female vs male	0.313	−0.040	0.665	0.069
Round	First vs second	−0.370	−0.609	− 0.130	0.005
	First vs third	−0.642	−0.882	− 0.403	<.0001
	Second vs third	−0.272	−0.512	− 0.032	0.0161
Social context	Individual vs unfamiliar	0.284	0.044	0.524	0.011
	Individual vs familiar	0.268	0.031	0.506	0.017
	Familiar vs unfamiliar	−0.016	−0.255	0.222	0.985
Sex × social context	Individual: female vs male	0.286	−0.136	0.708	0.165
	Unfamiliar: female vs male	0.455	0.031	0.880	0.028
	Familiar: female vs male	0.197	−0.224	0.618	0.337
Social context × sex	Female: individual vs unfamiliar	0.199	−0.138	0.536	0.3215
	Female: individual vs familiar	0.313	−0.024	0.649	0.0621
	Female: familiar vs unfamiliar	0.113	−0.223	0.450	0.6917
	Male: individual vs unfamiliar	0.369	0.028	0.709	0.023
	Male: individual vs familiar	0.224	−0.111	0.558	0.236
	Male: familiar vs unfamiliar	−0.145	−0.483	0.193	0.549
Random effect		Variance	± SE
Individual identity		0.552	± 0.743

Coefficients and 96% confidence intervals are presented; statistically significant comparisons (zero is not included in the interval) are in bold. P values obtained with Tukey method adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results are in the log (not in the response) scale. ‘Individual identity’ is fitted as random effect; variance associated with it is shown

ISSN: 1742-9994