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Table 2 Effect of ‘part of the day’ (morning or afternoon), ‘round of tests’ (first, second or third), ‘sex’ (female or male), ‘social context’ (individual, unfamiliar, familiar) and interaction between ‘social context’ and ‘sex’ on latency to forage

From: House sparrows’ (Passer domesticus) behaviour in a novel environment is modulated by social context and familiarity in a sex-specific manner

Fixed effect

Comparison

Estimate

2% CI

98% CI

P value

Part of the day

Morning vs afternoon

−0.125

− 0.431

0.181

0.403

Sex

Female vs male

−0.264

− 0.667

0.137

0.177

Round

First vs second

0.010

−0.358

0.377

0.998

First vs third

−0.318

− 0.686

0.049

0.088

Second vs third

−0.328

−0.700

0.044

0.082

Social context

Individual vs unfamiliar

−0.711

−1.075

− 0.348

0.0001

Individual vs familiar

−0.614

−0.974

− 0.253

0.0001

Familiar vs unfamiliar

0.098

−0.270

0.465

0.534

Sex × social context

Individual: female vs male

0.060

−0.467

0.587

0.815

Unfamiliar: female vs male

−0.692

−1.234

− 0.149

0.009

Familiar: female vs male

−0.162

− 0.698

0.374

0.534

Social context × sex

Female: individual vs unfamiliar

−0.336

− 0.842

0.171

0.241

Female: individual vs familiar

−0.503

−1.007

−0.002

0.041

Female: familiar vs unfamiliar

−0.167

−0.687

0.354

0.716

Male: individual vs unfamiliar

−1.087

−1.608

−0.567

<.0001

Male: individual vs familiar

−0.725

−1.236

−0.214

0.0016

Male: familiar vs unfamiliar

0.362

−0.155

0.880

0.205

Random effect

 

Variance

± SE

  

Individual identity

 

0.495

± 0.703

  
  1. Coefficients and 96% confidence intervals are presented; statistically significant comparisons (zero is not included in the interval) are in bold. P values obtained with Tukey method adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results are in the log (not in the response) scale. ‘Individual identity’ is fitted as random effect; we show the variance associated with it