House sparrows’ (Passer domesticus) behaviour in a novel environment is modulated by social context and familiarity in a sex-specific manner

Table 1 Effect of ‘part of the day’ (morning or afternoon), ‘round of tests’ (first, second or third), ‘sex’ (female or male), ‘social context’ (individual, unfamiliar, familiar) and interaction between ‘social context’ and ‘sex’ on latency to touch the ground

Fixed effect	Comparison	Estimate	2% CI	98% CI	P value
Part of the day	Morning vs afternoon	− 0.183	− 0.290	− 0.076	0.0004
Sex	Female vs male	0.051	−0.185	0.287	0.6581
Round	First vs second	0.160	0.045	0.276	0.0021
	First vs third	0.200	0.085	0.315	0.0001
	Second vs third	0.039	0.075	−0.154	0.6817
Social context	Individual vs unfamiliar	−0.114	− 0.228	0.0006	0.041
	Individual vs familiar	− 0.224	−0.338	− 0.109	<.0001
	Familiar vs unfamiliar	−0.110	−0.224	0.004	0.050
Social context × sex	Female: individual vs unfamiliar	0.024	−0.136	0.185	0.9283
	Female: individual vs familiar	−0.170	−0.330	− 0.009	0.0283
	Female: familiar vs unfamiliar	0.194	0.031	0.356	0.0101
	Male: individual vs unfamiliar	−0.252	−0.413	− 0.089	0.0005
	Male: individual vs familiar	−0.278	−0.440	− 0.116	0.0001
	Male: familiar vs unfamiliar	0.026	−0.135	0.188	0.9163
Sex × social context	Individual: female vs male	0.077	−0.183	0.338	0.815
	Unfamiliar: female vs male	−0.199	−0.460	0.063	0.009
	Familiar: female vs male	−0.031	−0.292	0.230	0.534
Random effect		Variance	± SE
Individual identity		0.090	± 0.303

Coefficients and 96% confidence intervals are presented; statistically significant comparisons (zero is not included in the interval) are in bold. P values obtained with Tukey method adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results are in the log (not in the response) scale. ‘Individual identity’ is fitted as random effect; variance associated with it is shown

ISSN: 1742-9994