Fig. 1

Percentages of male courtship (light grey bars) and copulation (black bars) with differentially treated conspecific freeze-killed females: a) N. vitripennis; b) M. uniraptor; c) T. sarcophagae. Left to right: Courtship behavior and copulation attempts with untreated (alive) conspecific females, freeze-killed conspecific females, freeze-killed conspecific females with cleared CHC profiles (‘CHC-cleared’), and freeze-killed conspecific females with reconstituted CHC profiles (‘CHC’-reconst.). 20 replicates performed for each treatment group, different letters indicate significant differences between treatment groups, upper-case letters are used for courtship behavior, lower-case letters for copulation attempts, compared independently by Benjamini-Hochberg corrected χ² (Chi)-square tests, performed on absolute values