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Table 1 Mean values and standard errors (SE) of acoustic variables used in the PCA

From: Raven food calls indicate sender’s age and sex

 

Juvenile

Subadult

Adult

Female (N = 43;2)

Male (N = 6;1)

Female (N = 137;5)

Male (N = 27;2)

Female (N = 198;6)

Male (N = 7,1)

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean fo (Hz)

755.053 ± 15.527

774.468 ± 3.277

679.941 ± 7.605

715.327 ± 6.215

643.749 ± 3.196

598.14 ± 2.421

Maximum fo (Hz)

809.845 ± 12.933

827.117 ± 4.627

709.005 ± 7.953

755.367 ± 6.373

671.995 ± 3.523

619.023 ± 3.119

Start fo (Hz)

658.953 ± 17.434

647.698 ± 9.471

640.394 ± 7.155

626.777 ± 8.569

595.298 ± 2.976

578.75 ± 6.946

Mid fo (Hz)

793.836 ± 16.825

823.3 ± 4.254

702.317 ± 8.131

751.162 ± 6.753

666.727 ± 3.674

616.813 ± 3.018

Call duration (s)

0.299 ± 0.014

0.237 ± 0.006

0.217 ± 0.003

0.226 ± 0.004

0.201 ± 0.002

0.2 ± 0.003

HNR (dB)

10.587 ± 0.788

19.338 ± 0.228

13.916 ± 0.279

15.819 ± 0.549

16.055 ± 0.186

21.36 ± 0.296

Jitter

0.035 ± 0.003

0.01 ± 0

0.014 ± 0.001

0.013 ± 0.001

0.011 ± 0

0.01 ± 0

Amplitude modulation

32.034 ± 1.436

30.058 ± 2.225

39.325 ± 1.919

30.413 ± 1.235

30.921 ± 0.773

30.579 ± 2.221

Amplitude range (dB)

9.422 ± 0.553

9.352 ± 0.656

8.724 ± 0.397

10.51 ± 1.008

8.615 ± 0.213

12.571 ± 1.116

  1. N denotes the number of calls analysed; and the number of individuals per age-class and sex. Five individuals were sampled in two age-classes