Calls during agonistic interactions vary with arousal and raise audience attention in ravens

Szipl, Georgine; Ringler, Eva; Spreafico, Michela; Bugnyar, Thomas

doi:10.1186/s12983-017-0244-7

Frontiers in Zoology

Table 4 Results of the models with the highest support investigating the three PCs and call duration, showing estimated means (EM), adjusted standard errors (SE), t values, and lower and upper confidence intervals (CI) of all coefficients

From: Calls during agonistic interactions vary with arousal and raise audience attention in ravens

Coefficients	Level of aggression	EM	SE	t value	CI
Coefficients	Level of aggression	EM	SE		2.50%	97.50%
fo component
Intercept		0.098	0.299	0.33	−0.49	0.69
Level of aggression	forced retreat^a	0.521	0.318	1.64	−0.11	1.15
	retreat^a	0.303	0.471	0.64	−0.63	1.23
	submission^a	−0.659	0.375	−1.76	−1.40	0.10
	retreat^b	−0.218	0.382	−0.57	−0.97	0.54
	submission^b	−1.180	0.249	−4.74	−1.68	−0.68
	submission^c	−0.962	0.430	−2.24	−1.81	−0.10
Rank difference		−0.791	2.084	−0.38	−4.94	3.35
Level of aggression: rank difference	forced retreat^a: rank	0.663	2.114	0.31	−3.54	4.86
	retreat^a: rank	0.155	2.361	0.07	−4.53	4.83
	submission^a: rank	2.635	2.138	1.23	−1.61	6.89
	retreat^b: rank	−0.508	1.154	−0.44	−2.79	1.77
	submission^b: rank	1.973	0.554	3.56	0.86	3.09
	submission^c: rank	2.481	1.199	2.07	0.09	4.87
Amplitude component
Intercept		0.820	0.273	3.00	0.27	1.36
Level of aggression	forced retreat^a	−1.029	0.276	−3.73	−1.57	−0.47
	retreat^a	−1.250	0.361	−3.46	−1.96	−0.52
	submission^a	−1.354	0.325	−4.17	−2.00	−0.71
	retreat^b	−0.221	0.245	−0.90	−0.71	0.27
	submission^b	−0.325	0.188	−1.73	−0.71	0.05
	submission^c	−0.104	0.287	−0.36	−0.69	0.47
Jitter and tonality component
Intercept		0.345	0.118	2.93	0.11	0.58
Rank difference		−1.043	0.337	−3.09	−1.72	−0.37
Call duration
Intercept		0.155	0.013	1.19	0.13	0.18
Level of aggression	forced retreat^a	−0.019	0.014	−1.33	−0.05	0.01
	retreat^a	0.046	0.022	2.09	0.00	0.09
	submission^a	−0.029	0.017	−1.74	−0.06	0.00
	retreat^b	0.065	0.019	3.47	0.03	0.10
	submission^b	−0.011	0.012	−0.89	−0.03	0.01
	submission^c	−0.075	0.021	−3.63	−0.12	−0.03
Rank difference		0.057	0.085	0.67	−0.11	0.23
Level of aggression: rank difference	forced retreat^a: rank	−0.080	0.087	−0.92	−0.26	0.09
	retreat^a: rank	−0.300	0.103	−2.91	−0.51	−0.10
	submission^a: rank	−0.005	0.088	−0.06	−0.19	0.17
	retreat^b: rank	−0.220	0.060	−3.69	−0.34	−0.10
	submission^b: rank	0.075	0.026	2.87	0.02	0.13
	submission^c: rank	0.295	0.061	4.82	0.17	0.42

Set as reference:
^afight
^bforced retreat
^cretreat
“:” indicate interactions between factors

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ISSN: 1742-9994

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