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Table 2 The relationship between call duration and the investigated (fixed) variables in the introduction, build-up, climax, let-down, and entire pant hoot

From: Trade-offs in the production of animal vocal sequences: insights from the structure of wild chimpanzee pant hoots

Introduction

 Independent variable

Estimate ± SE

χ 2

p value

95% confidence interval

 Number of calls

−0.45±0.04

19.56

<0.001

−0.52 to − 0.35

 Context

0.25±0.08

7.03

0.008

0.08 to 0.41

Build-up

 Independent variable

Estimate ± SE

χ 2

p value

95% confidence interval

 Number of calls

−0.15±0.06

4.41

0.036

−0.32 to − 0.01

 Context

−0.03±0.18

0.03

0.857

−0.47 to 0.37

Climax

 Independent variable

Estimate ± SE

χ 2

p value

95% confidence interval

 Number of calls

−0.32±0.07

12.54

<0.001

−0.49 to − 0.14

 Context

0.35±0.11

5.99

0.014

0.09 to 0.57

Let-down

 Independent variable

Estimate ± SE

χ 2

p value

95% confidence interval

 Number of calls

−0.14±0.06

10.94

<0.001

−0.37 to − 0.11

 Context

0.17±0.15

1.11

0.291

−0.14 to 0.55

Entire pant hoot

 Independent variable

Estimate ± SE

χ 2

p value

95% confidence interval

 Number of calls

−0.25±0.03

23.16

<0.001

−0.31 to − 0.19

 Context

0.09±0.06

1.55

0.213

−0.06 to 0.20

  1. Test variables are in bold. (LMM; dependent variable: call duration; random intercepts: pant hoot ID and caller ID)