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Table 1 Pre-identification of proteins from N. fodiens venom and S. araneus saliva based on tandem mass spectrometry analysis

From: Evaluation of the physiological activity of venom from the Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens

Sample

Protein name

Species

Accession

Matched peptides

Protein sequence coverage [%]

Ion score

m/z

Identified peptides

Possible toxic activity

Neomys fodiens

extract

calmodulin-like protein

Mus musculus

Q9D6P8

25

37

64

955

K.EAFSLFDK.D

Acute and chronic effects on cardiac function by regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration [38]

37

4086

R.SLGQNPTEAELQGMVNEIDKDGNGTVDFPEFLTMMSR.K + Oxidation (M)

57

4102

R.SLGQNPTEAELQGMVNEIDKDGNGTVDFPEFLTMMSR.K + 2 Oxidation (M)

97

1351

K.MKDTDSEEEIR.E

81

1367

K.MKDTDSEEEIR.E + Oxidation (M)

65

1092

K.DTDSEEEIR.E

hyaluronidase-2

Bos taurus

Q8SQG8

14

8

24

980

HKMPLDPK

Facilitates spread of other venom proteins [36, 42]

thymosin β-10

Bos taurus

P21752

11

11

22

862

KTETQEK

Improves cardiac function, promotes vascularization and contractility in heart tissue [52, 53]

β-nerve growth factor

Mus musculus

P01139

8

6

68

1153

K.LQHSLDTALR.R

Unknown [36, 54]

37

764

R.RLHSPR.V

fraction no. 5

cystatin-C

Rattus norvegicus

P14841

14

8

28

1207

GTHTLTKSSCK

Inhibits cysteine proteases, failures in biological mechanisms controlling protease activities may led to many diseases such as neuro-degeneration or cardiovascular diseases [39]

coagulation factor VIII

Sus scrofa

P12263

18

5

22

1427

ISALGKSAAGPLASGK

Acts as an anti-hemophilic factor [55]

lysozyme C-1

Sus scrofa

P12067

6

8

24

930

YWCNDGK

Involved in an antimicrobial defence [10, 56]

fraction no. 31

hyaluronidase PH-20

Myotis brandtii

gi|521028001

14

11

47

1152

KDIEFYIPK

See above

fraction no. 34

chain E, leech-derived tryptase inhibitor Trypsin Complex

Sus scrofa

gi|3318722

48

21

177

2210

R.LGEHNIDVLEGNEQFINAAK.I

Prolongs the blood clotting time by thrombin and trypsin inhibition [57]

115

2282

K.IITHPNFNGNTLDNDIMLIK.L

93

1045

K.LSSPATLNSR.V

77

841

R.VATVSLPR.S

108

1515

K.SSGSSYPSLLQCLK.A

98

1051

K.APVLSDSSCK.S

fraction no. 39

coagulation factor VIII

Sus scrofa

P12263

19

7

23

1427

ISALGKSAAGPLASGK

See above

lactyloglutathione lyase

Rattus norvegicus

Q6P7Q4

17

25

78

1264

K.DFLLQQTMLR.I

Involved in inflammation [58]

54

1028

K.KSLDFYTR.V

44

900

K.SLDFYTR.V

57

976

K.RFEELGVK.F

65

2288

K.GLAFVQDPDGYWIEILNPNK.M

fraction no. 40

phospholipase A2

Oryctolagus cuniculus

P14422

6

6

27

1002

FAKFLSYK

Exhibits cardio-, myo- and neurotoxicity, as well as pro- and anticoagulant effects [40, 41]

calmodulin-like protein

Mus musculus

Q9D6P8

14

5

25

1367

MKDTDSEEEIR

See above

Sorex araneus

extract

thymosin β-10

Rattus norvegicus

P63312

7

34

56

862

K.KTETQEK.N

See above

37

734

K.TETQEK.N

48

875

K.ETIEQEK.R

77

1031

K.ETIEQEKR.S

coagulation factor XI

Mus musculus

Q91Y47

10

11

21

846

MICAGYK

Involved in blood clotting [59]

fraction no. 23

thymosin β-4

Oryctolagus cuniculus

P34032

69

88

46

1245

M.ADKPDMAEIEK.F

See thymosin β-10

47

1652

M.ADKPDMAEIEKFDK.S + Oxidation (M)

34

862

K.KTETQEK.N

38

734

K.TETQEK.N

83

1371

K.TETQEKNPLPSK.E

89

1512

K.NPLPSKETIEQEK.Q

43

875

K.ETIEQEK.Q

72

1348

K.ETIEQEKQAGES.-

cystatin-C

Rattus norvegicus

P14841

14

8

27

1207

GTHTLTKSSCK

See above

fraction no. 28

cystatin-C

Rattus norvegicus

P14841

11

6

43

1207

K.GTHTLTKSSCK.N

See above

lysozyme C-1

Sus scrofa

P12067

10

19

22

787

AWVAWR

See above

kallikrein 1-related peptidase b24

Mus musculus

Q61754

10

6

33

1204

K.DKSNDLMLLR.L

Might act as an inflammatory agent (increasing vascular permeability and lowering blood pressure) [8, 9]

fraction no.29

cystatin-C

Rattus norvegicus

P14841

14

8

27

1207

GTHTLTKSSCK

See above

α-amylase 1

Mus musculus

P00687

8

11

25

780

DYVRTK

Unknown

β-defensin 7

Mus musculus

Q91V70

8

11

24

760

FQIPEK

Exhibits a significant myo- and neurotoxic activity, modifying voltage-sensitive Na+ channels, resulting in a potent analgesic effect [36]