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Table 1 Predictors of the presence of dewlaps in males within the Bovidae and Cervidae (binary PGLMM: N = 133 species; phylogenetic signal: male body mass [log10]: s2 = 3.19, P < 0.001)

From: Evolution of the ungulate dewlap: thermoregulation rather than sexual selection or predator deterrence?

 

Bivariate analyses

Multivariate analysis

 

Coefficient (±SEM)

z

P

Coefficient (±SEM)

z

P

Male body mass (log10)

3.59 ± 1.55

2.32

0.021

3.59 ± 1.55

2.32

0.021

Sexual body-size dimorphism (log10)

0.984 ± 2.538

0.39

0.698

-620 ± 6.32

-0.98

0.326