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Table 4 Effects of sex, temperature (Temp) and relative humidity (RH) on the water loss rate (expressed per day) of three Ceratitis species estimated using general linear models

From: Physiological mechanisms of dehydration tolerance contribute to the invasion potential of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) relative to its less widely distributed congeners

Dependent variable

SS

df

F

P

C. capitata

    

 Intercept

0.102

1

0.594

0.443

 Sex

0.195

1

1.137

0.289

 Temp

3.766

1

21.933

<0.001

 RH

1.819

3

3.532

0.018

 Initial mass

0.378

1

2.203

0.141

 Sex × Temp

0.066

1

0.382

0.538

 Sex × RH

0.205

3

0.398

0.755

 Temp × RH

2.467

3

4.790

0.004

 Sex × Temp × RH

1.013

3

1.966

0.125

 Residuals

15.453

90

  

C. cosyra

    

 Intercept

5.080

1

22.170

<0.001

 Sex

0.455

1

1.987

0.162

 Temp

17.719

1

77.331

<0.001

 RH

8.016

3

11.661

<0.001

 Initial mass

0.756

1

3.299

0.073

 Sex × Temp

1.916

1

8.362

0.005

 Sex × RH

1.184

3

1.722

0.168

 Temp × RH

18.055

3

26.266

<0.001

 Sex × Temp × RH

1.5291

3

2.225

0.091

 Residuals

21.080

92

  

C. rosa

    

 Intercept

1.583

1

5.649

0.020

 Sex

0.336

1

1.200

0.276

 Temp

9.373

1

33.450

<0.001

 RH

6.551

3

7.793

<0.001

 Initial mass

2.948

1

10.520

0.002

 Sex × Temp

10.582

1

37.766

<0.001

 Sex × RH

0.230

3

0.274

0.844

 Temp × RH

17.383

3

20.678

<0.001

 Sex × Temp × RH

8.723

3

10.377

<0.001

 Residuals

25.499

91

  
  1. Initial body mass was included as a covariate. Water loss rate was estimated by subtracting body water after stress for a period of 24-h from estimated initial body water (determined from initial body mass using the equations in Additional file 1: Table S1). Significant effects (P < 0.05) are indicated by bold type