Fig. 3
Chronology of physiological events (average change points calculated by GAMMs and shown in Fig. 2) superimposed on abiotic parameters during the annual cycle of brown bears in Sweden. The numbers below the X axis represent the sequence of events preceding den entry (black circles) and the sequence of variables reaching winter levels (open circles). For den exit, the numbers indicate the sequence of the variables beginning their transition to summer levels (black circles) and the end of the transition to the active period (open circles). Den entry occurred when the ambient temperature average was close to 1 °C, shortly after the first snowfall. Den entry occurred when ambient temperature was around °C, although body temperature (Tb) began increasing long before the heart rate (HR), SDANN and physical activity began