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Goal/Measure
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Is a particular species present?
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Probability of occurrence/distribution; multi-species occupancy modelling for species richness
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Abundance/density
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Important assumptions
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Independence of samples (both spatial and temporal); occupancy state at each site remains constant during the study (‘closure assumption’); for multi-species occupancy, sampling of different species must be independent of each other
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Population closure; detections are independent among individuals
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Data requirements
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Stratified sampling of different habitat types to maximize detection probability
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At least 20 sites, at least some (random) with repeated visits
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Individuals are identifiable; several (at the very least 5) individuals, recaptures at different locations
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Key literature
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MacKenzie DI, Nichols JD, Hines JE, Knutson MG and Franklin AB [52]
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Royle JA, Chandler RB, Sollmann R and Gardner B [62]
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