Table 1 Landmark descriptions in the toad skulls. Landmarks are intersections between bone sutures (type I landmarks, 16 in total) or tip of bones (type II landmarks: numbers 1, 14, 15 and 19). Five landmarks are in the medial line and the remaining landmarks are present in both sides of the skull. The landmarks are spread in all three views of the skull: dorsal, lateral and ventral (see Fig. 1). We placed all 20 landmarks with all the methods twice in each individual
Landmarks | Description | Position | View |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | Anterior tip of nasal bone | midline | dorsal |
2 | Nasal and frontoparietal suture | midline | dorsal |
3 | Posterior tip of frontoparietal suture | midline | dorsal |
4 | Nasal and maxillary suture | right, left | dorsal |
5 | Nasal and frontoparietal lateral suture | right, left | dorsal |
6 | Frontoparietal and squamosal suture | right, left | dorsal |
7 | Frontoparietal, squamosal and occipital suture | right, left | dorsal |
8 | Squamosal and occipital suture | right, left | dorsal |
9 | Frontoparietal and occipital suture | right, left | dorsal |
10 | Prenasal and maxillary lateral suture | right, left | lateral |
11 | Nasal and maxillary lateral suture | right, left | lateral |
12 | Squamosal and maxillary suture | right, left | lateral |
13 | Sphenethmoid and parasphenoid suture | midline | ventral |
14 | Posterior tip of parasphenoid corpus | midline | ventral |
15 | Anterior tip of premaxillary bone | right, left | ventral |
16 | Premaxillary and maxillary suture | right, left | ventral |
17 | Pterygoid and maxillary suture | right, left | ventral |
18 | Neopalatine and sphenethmoid suture | right, left | ventral |
19 | Tip of pterygoid process | right, left | ventral |
20 | Pterygoid and parasophenoid suture | right, left | ventral |