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Table 4 ANCOVA results for calf call variables

From: The power of oral and nasal calls to discriminate individual mothers and offspring in red deer, Cervus elaphus

Call variable

Oral calls

Nasal calls

 

Sex effect

Body mass effect

Sex & body mass effect

Sex effect

Body mass effect

Sex & body mass effect

durat

F 1,13 = 1.66, p = 0.220

F 1,13 = 8.06, p= 0.014

F 1,13 = 1.37, p = 0.262

F 1,13 = 4.88, p= 0.046

F 1,13 = 29.10, p< 0.001

F 1,13 = 5.16, p= 0.041

f0beg

F 1,13 = 0.23, p = 0.642

F 1,13 = 8.46, p= 0.012

F 1,13 = 0.20, p = 0.660

F 1,13 = 0.14, p = 0.716

F 1,13 = 4.05, p = 0.065

F 1,13 = 0.10, p = 0.755

q75

F 1,13 = 3.88, p = 0.070

F 1,13 = 5.70, p= 0.033

F 1,13 = 3.29, p = 0.093

F 1,13 = 7.83, p= 0.015

F 1,13 = 0.50, p = 0.491

F 1,13 = 8.15, p= 0.014

power-f0

F 1,13 = 0.81, p = 0.385

F 1,13 = 3.40, p = 0.088

F 1,13 = 1.45, p = 0.250

F 1,13 = 0.92, p = 0.354

F 1,13 = 2.65, p = 0.127

F 1,13 = 1.33, p = 0.269

  1. Sex is taken as a fixed categorical factor and body mass as a continuous factor. Designations as in Table 1. Effects considered significant are highlighted in bold.