Behavioural response of a migratory songbird to geographic variation in song and morphology

Table 1 Song traits

(a) Factor loadings of the principal component analysis for seven song traits of European Stonechats from the local population, a population from 90 km distance, a population from 180 km distance, African stonechats, and the winter wren. (b) Results of general linear model testing whether the first principal component (PC1) differed between songs from different locations, estimated by maximum likelihood methods. Estimates for the different song locations refer to differences from the intercept estimate, which represents song traits of the local population. Subjects were included as random intercepts to control for repeated measures. ‘Significant’ differences are shown in bold.

ISSN: 1742-9994