Differentiated adaptive evolution, episodic relaxation of selective constraints, and pseudogenization of umami and sweet taste genes TAS1Rs in catarrhine primates

Table 4 Functional TAS1R binding sites for sweet and umami tastants from previous studies and the mutation in catarrhine primates

Compounds	Interact receptors	Amino acid mutations	Results	Mutations in catarrhine monkeys	References
Aspartame	hTAS1R2¹	S40T	abolish aspartame sensitivity	S40T in Cercopithecidae	Liu et al. [31]
Neotame	hTAS1R2	I67S	reduce response to neotame sightly	I67M only in Colobinae	Liu et al. [31]
Lactisole	hTAS1R3	A733V	reduce sensitivity to lactisole	A733V in Cercopithecidae	Jiang et al. [32]
Monosodium glutamate (MSG)	hTAS1R3	R757C	reduce sensitivity to MSG	R757H in Pygathrix	Raliou et al. [16]
Monopotassium glutamate (MPG)	hTAS1R3	R757C	increase sensitivity to MPG	R757H in Pygathrix	Chen et al. [13]

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