Figure 3

Illustration of the landmarks to measure kinematic variables and electrodes positions for electromyography study. 1: Dorsal suspensorium articulation; 2: Neurocranium; 3: Protrusion of the hyoid apparatus; 4: Anterior part of the horizontal limb of the preopercular; 5: Dentary of the lower jaw. The angle α measures the relative distance between the neurocranium and the protrusion of the hyoid apparatus, the angle θ measures the lower jaw rotation, the black landmark indicates the articulation between neurocranium and pectoral girdle. The white square indicate where the electrodes were placed for the electromyography study (EP: epaxial muscle; SH: sternohyoideus muscle and AM₂: one of the main subdivisions of the adductor mandibulae muscle).