Figure 11From: Brain functioning under acute hypothermic stress supported by dynamic monocarboxylate utilization and transport in ectothermic fishProposed model for glucose and lactate metabolism in ectothermic fish brain neurons and astrocytes. Lactate is metabolized from glycogenolysis via LDH5 and accumulated in astrocytes. In case of environmental cold stress, lactate is rapidly transport to adjacent neurons through MCT and then converted to pyruvate for immediate ATP production and supply. Different expression patterns of MCT homologues can mediate compensatory function for monocarboxylate transport between neurons and astrocytes in fish brain. Confirmed transporter and enzymes (MCT, LDH1, PK, CS and PDP) are colored as black or dark grey whereas the LDH5 proteins is not yet confirmed and thus hypothetical (light grey).Back to article page