Figure 3
From: Sexual dimorphism and population divergence in the Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish genus Tropheus
Principal component analysis of shape coordinates. Scatter plot of the first two principal component scores for the 14 sex-specific mean shapes. The two mean shapes for each population are connected by a grey line to indicate the direction of sexual dimorphism. The deformation grids on the left and the right side visualize the shape change depicted by PC 1; they are deformations of the mean shape to shapes corresponding to minus and plus 0.07 units along the PC 1 axis. Similarly, the top and bottom deformation grids visualize shape change along PC 2. See the Methods section for abbreviations of populations.