Filling the gap - COI barcode resolution in eastern Palearctic birds

Kerr, Kevin CR; Birks, Sharon M; Kalyakin, Mikhail V; Red'kin, Yaroslav A; Koblik, Eugeny A; Hebert, Paul DN

doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-29

Frontiers in Zoology

Table 1 Species with limited COI divergence

From: Filling the gap - COI barcode resolution in eastern Palearctic birds

	Family	Species	n	NJ	Bootstrap	Inter sp	CAOS
1	Gaviidae	Gavia adamsii	6	b	38	0.77	Yes
		Gavia immer	3		67
2	Phalacrocoracidae	Phalacrocorax pelagicus	9	b	61	0.78	Yes
		Phalacrocorax urile	1		n/a
3	Ardeidae	Ardea cinerea	1	b	n/a	1.90	Yes
		Ardea herodias	4		99
4	Anatidae	Anas falcata	1	b	n/a	1.46	Yes
		Anas strepera	9		50
5		Aythya affinis	9	b	24	1.58	Yes
		Aythya americana	10		61
		Aythya collaris	10		81
		Aythya fuligula	3		90
		Aythya marila	11		12
		Aythya valisineria	6		87
6		Bucephala clangula	7	b	55	1.58	Yes
		Bucephala islandica	10		87
7		Somateria fishcheri	7	b	94	0.96	Yes
		Somateria mollisima	10	d	nm
		Somateria spectabilis	3		nm
8	Phasianidae	Coturnix coturnix	2	a	99	1.50	Yes
		Coturnix japonica	4		99
9	Accipitridae	Buteo buteo	3	b	85	1.92	Yes
		Buteo lagopus	2		92
10	Scolopacidae	Gallinago delicata	6	d	nm	0.15	No
		Gallinago gallinago	4		nm
11		Gallinago megala	2	b	93	0.61	Yes
		Gallinago stenura	5		98
12	Glareolidae	Glareola pratincola	2	a	99	1.61	Yes
		Glareola nordmanni	3		99
13	Laridae	Larus canus	5	b	89	0.65	Yes
		Larus canus "brachyrhynchus"	4		77
		Larus delawarensis	3		50
		Larus marinus	3		87
		Larus spp.†	34	d	nm	0.24	No
14	Alcidae	Cepphus carbo	3	a	99	0.97	Yes
		Cepphus columba	2		99
15	Cuculidae	Cuculus canorus	5	d	nm	0.71	No
		Cuculus optatus	5		nm
16	Motacillidae	Motacilla flava "taivana"	2	b	99	1.16	Yes
		Motacilla citreola "citreola"	2		87
		Motacilla citreola "werae"	4		98
17	Turdidae	Turdus naumanni	9	b	75	1.10	Yes
		Turdus ruficollis	8		67
18		Turdus chrysolaus	9	b	97	1.35	Yes
		Turdus obscurus	5		67
		Turdus pallidus	4		51
19	Laniidae	Lanius isabellinus	3	b	99	1.71	Yes
		Lanius collurio‡	2		93
20	Fringillidae	Carduelis flammea	10	d	nm	0.40	No
		Carduelis hornemanni	6		nm
21		Carduelis pinus	6	a	99	2.01	Yes
		Carduelis spinus	15		99
22	Emberizidae	Emberiza citrinella	5	d	nm	0.09	No
		Emberiza leucocephalos	5		nm

List of all groups of species that failed recognition via MOTU analysis. Additionally, species with aberrant NJ profiles are indicated; profile designations (a-d) refer to Figure 3. Bootstrap support is given for each species ("nm" denotes that the species is not monophyletic) and the average interspecific distance is given for each group of species, both as percentages. Whether groups could be distinguished via CAOS is also indicated.
† Represents the ten members of the Herring gull complex listed in the text.
‡ Only two of four specimens of the paraphyletic Lanius collurio exhibited limited divergence from L. isabellinus.

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ISSN: 1742-9994

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