Table 1 List of "regular" sea urchin species included in this study.
Order | Family | Species | Method used | Specimen ID | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cidaroida Claus, 1880 | Histocidaridae Lambert, 1900 | Histocidaris elegans (Agassiz, 1879) | MRI (81 μm)3 | ZMH E907 | this study |
|  | Cidaridae Gray, 1825 | Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758) | MRI (81 μm)3, dissection, histology | NHM 1925.10.30.103-113 | |
|  |  | Eucidaris metularia (Lamarck, 1816) | MRI (81 μm)3 | NHM 1969.5.1.15-40 | [24], this study |
| Â | Â | Eucidaris sp. | Histology, ultrastructure | - | |
| Â | Â | Eucidaris tribuloides Desmoulins, 1835 | Dissection, histology | - | [29], this study |
Echinothurioida Claus, 1880 | Phormosomatidae Mortensen, 1934 | Phormosoma bursarium Agassiz, 1881 | Dissection, histology | - | [30] |
| Â | Echinothuriidae Wyville Thomson, 1872 | Asthenosoma varium Grube, 1868 | Dissection, histology | - | |
| Â | Â | Hygrosoma hoplacantha (Wyville Thomson, 1877) | Dissection | - | [30] |
|  |  | Sperosoma biseriatum Döderlein, 1901 | Dissection | - | [30] |
Pedinoida Mortensen, 1939 | Pedinidae Pomel, 1883 | Caenopedina mirabilis (Döderlein, 1885) | MRI (81 μm)3, dissection | USNM 31178, USNM 31182 | this study |
Diadematoida Duncan, 1889 | Aspidodiadematidae Duncan, 1889 | Aspidodiadema hawaiiense Mortensen, 1939 | MRI (81 μm)3, dissection | USNM 27590 | this study |
|  |  | Plesiodiadema indicum (Döderlein, 1901) | MRI (81 μm)3 | ZMB 7232 | this study |
| Â | Diadematidae Gray, 1855 | Diadema antillarum Philippi, 1845 | Histology | - | [32] |
|  |  | Diadema savignyi Michelin, 1845 | MRI (40 μm)3 | - | this study |
| Â | Â | Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) | Dissection, histology | - | this study |
Salenioida Delage & Herouard, 1903 | Saleniidae Agassiz, 1838 | Salenocidaris hastigera (Agassiz, 1869) | MRI (81 μm)3 | ZMB 5816 | [24], this study |
Arbacioida Gregory, 1900 | Arbaciidae Gray, 1855 | Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) | MRI (81 μm)3, histology | - | |
| Â | Â | Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) | Dissection, histology | - | |
Incerta sedis | Stomopneustidae Mortensen, 1903 | Stomopneustes variolaris (Lamarck, 1816) | MRI (81 μm)3 | USNM E45930 | [24], this study |
Echinoida Troschel, 1872 | Parechinidae Mortensen, 1903 | Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) | MRI (81 μm)3, dissection, histology | - | |
| Â | Â | Psammechinus microtuberculatus (Blainville, 1825) | Dissection, histology | - | |
|  |  | Psammechinus miliaris (Müller, 1771) | MRI (44 μm)3, dissection, histology, ultrastructure | - | |
|  | Echinidae Gray, 1825 | Echinus esculentus Linnaeus, 1758 | MRI (81 μm)3, dissection, histology | ZMB 3826 | |
| Â | Â | Echinus melo Lamarck, 1816 | Dissection | - | [33] |
| Â | Â | Gracilechinus acutus (Lamarck, 1816) | Dissection, histology | - | |
|  | Echinometridae Gray, 1855 | Echinometra mathaei (Blainville, 1825) | MRI (81 μm)3 | NHM 1969.5.1.61-75 | this study |
| Â | Â | Echinometra sp. | Histology, ultrastructure | - | [27] |
| Â | Â | Evechinus chloroticus (Valenciennes, 1846) | Dissection, histology | - | [53] |
|  | Strongylocentrotidae Gregory, 1900 | Strongylocentrotus dröbachiensis (Müller, 1776) | Dissection, histology, ultrastructure | - | |
|  |  | Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson, 1857) | MRI (44 μm)3, dissection, histology, ultrastructure | CAS 5724 | |
|  | Toxopneustidae Troschel, 1872 | Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) | MRI (81 μm)3 | - | this study |
|  |  | Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck, 1816) | MRI (81 μm)3, dissection, histology, ultrastructure | - | |
Temnopleuroida Mortensen, 1942 | Trigonocidaridae Mortensen, 1903 | Genocidaris maculata Agassiz, 1869 | MRI (36 μm)3 | ZMB 5827 | this study |
|  |  | Trigonocidaris albida Agassiz, 1869 | MRI (32 μm)3 | ZSM 20012468 | this study |
|  | Temnopleuridae Agassiz, 1872 | Mespilia globulus (Linnaeus, 1758) | MRI (44 μm)3 | ZMB 5620 | [24], this study |
| Â | Â | Salmacis bicolor (Agassiz, 1846) | Dissection, histology | - | [65] |