Table 1 Non-social hymenopteran species for which sl-CSD has been proposed to be the sex determining mechanism. Confidence codes indicate the levels of evidence: 1 = post hoc explanations for exceptionally high male biased sex ratios in cultures or field surveys, 2 = on the basis of the verification of male diploidy through cytological (chromosome number), morphological (size, weight, density of wing microchaetae), genetical (microsatellites) or electrophoretical (allozymes) methods, 3 = on the basis of the sex ratios in inbreeding experiments in accordance with predictions under CSD, 4 = the joint combination of level 2 and 3, and 5 = linkage mapping of the sex locus and/or its molecular characterization

Sub-order Symphyta

   Family Tenthredinideae

Athalia rosae

4

[117]

   Family Diprionidae

Neodiprion nigroscutum

4

[118]

Neodiprion pinetum

2

Wallace pers. comm. in [7]

Sub-order Apocrita Infra-order Parasitica

   Family Braconidae

Aphidius rhoplosiphi

3

[119]

Bracon brevicornis

4

[120]

Bracon hebetor

4

[121]

Bracon serinopae

4

[122]

Cotesia rubecula

2

Steiner pers. comm. in [7]

Cotesia glomerata

3

[20]

Microplitis croceiceps

4

[123]

   Family Ichneumonidae

Bathyplectes curculionis

2

[124]

Diadegma armillata

4

[32]

Diadegma chrysostictos

4

[125]

Diadegma eucerophaga

4

[32]

Diadegma fabriciane

4

[32]

Diadegma fenestralis

4

[32]

Diadegma insulare

4

[32]

Diadegma pulchellus

4

[32]

Diadegma semiclausum

4

[126]

Diadromus pulchellus

4

[34,127]

Heteropelma scaposum

1

[128]

Venturia canescens

3

[62]

Sub-order Apocrita Infra-order Aculeata

   Family Vespidae

Ancistrocerus antilope

2

[58]

Euodynerus foraminatus

4

[56,57]