Figure 3
From: Introducing biological realism into the study of developmental plasticity in behaviour
Typical examples of how two environmental factors can affect the development of phenotypic traits. The two factors affect trait expression (a) independently, (b) additively, where a second factor can enhance (upper panel) or reduce (lower panel) expression, or (c) interactively, where the two factors can contribute equally strong to phenotypic change (upper panel) or one level of one factor masks the effect of the other factor by a compensatory response; see text for examples of each case.