Figure 4From: The effect of carotenoid supplementation on immune system development in juvenile male veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus)Circulating carotenoid concentrations measured in growing male veiled chameleons during development. Before supplementation, there were no significant differences in circulating carotenoid levels among groups. After supplementation began, carotenoid-supplemented individuals had significantly elevated circulating carotenoid concentrations compared to the non-supplemented group. Within carotenoid-supplemented individuals, members of family B always had significantly higher carotenoid titers once supplementation began; however, no such pattern was detected between non-supplemented groups, which circulated barely detectable levels of carotenoids throughout the study. Bar heights represent mean values with standard errors calculated from raw data.Back to article page