Figure 3
From: Dogs are sensitive to small variations of the Earth’s magnetic field
Analysis of dog body alignment during urination. Axial analysis of mean vectors of dogs of both sexes with at least five observations. Observations from three different categories of relative changes of the declination of the Earth’s magnetic field are shown from left to right (0%, 0.1-2%, >2%). Each pair of opposite dots indicates the axis of the mean vector of all observations of a single dog. The direction (μ) and length (r) of the (grand) mean vector and the p-value of the Rayleigh uniformity test as well as the sample size are given next to each diagram. μ and r are indicated by the direction and length of the blue arrows, respectively. Small inner circles indicate the 5%-significance level of the Rayleigh test. Circle segments at the outer circle represent the 95%-confidence intervals (red circle segments indicate intervals that could not be calculated with confidence due to large circular standard deviations). A significant N-S axial orientation (i.e., 95%-confidence interval includes the N-S axis) can only be seen under conditions of zero declination change. See Tables for further details on statistics.