Figure 1

Maps of Madagascar showing the distribution of Eulemur species, sampling sites and relevant information for different diversification hypotheses. a)  Distribution of species of the brown lemur complex, formerly considered subspecies of E. fulvus and sampling sites. Circles = sampling sites for individuals used in this study, Triangles = Sampling sites of museum specimens. b) Distribution of E. flavifrons, E. macaco, E. rubriventer, E.coronatus and E. mongoz. c) Major climatic zones of Madagascar. d) Major eco-geographic regions based on climatic zones. e) Illustration of the three highest mountains of Madagascar and associated rivers that are at the base of the centers of endemism (river catchments) hypothesis. f) Map showing the centers of endemism (numbered from 1–12) and the retreat dispersal watersheds in between. c), d), e) and f) adapted after Vences et al. [16].