Figure 1

Development and perivitelline fluid abiotic parameters during exposure to acidified conditions. Effects of elevated ambient p CO₂  on growth and development of Sepioteuthis lessoniana embryos (A). Under control conditions wet mass (WM) increased during the incubation period following an exponential function (solid line) leading to a doubling of WM after the 120 h incubation period. Under elevated p CO₂ conditions (dashed line) wet mass was significantly reduced after 120 h CO₂ exposure. pH in the perivitelline fluid (PVF) of eggs exposed to control and acidified conditions (B). Under control conditions PVF has a pH of 7.4 to 7.5 and decreases within 3 h of exposure to acidified conditions to a pH of 7.1. Asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments. Values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 3; with the average of three animals from each replicate).