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Figure 1 | Frontiers in Zoology

Figure 1

From: Immunocytochemical studies reveal novel neural structures in nemertean pilidium larvae and provide evidence for incorporation of larval components into the juvenile nervous system

Figure 1

Suggested nemertean interrelationships. (A) Traditional nemertean phylogeny based on adult morphology, modified after [14]. The phylum is divided into two sub-taxa: Anopla and Enopla. Anopla comprises Palaeonemertea and Heteronemertea. Enopla comprises Hoplonemertea and Bdellonemertea. (B) Nemertean interrelationships based on EST data, modified after [15]. “Palaeonemertea” is a paraphyletic assemblage where only some of its representatives constitute a basal offshoot within Nemertea. The Pilidiophora contain the Heteronemertea and the Hubrechtidae and form a monophyletic clade whose members develop via a pilidium larva. The sistergroup to the Pilidiophora is the monophyletic Hoplonemertea. The Hoplonemertea, which in this phylogeny are a synonym for Enopla, include Bdellonemertea. Similar to the “Palaeonemertea”, its representatives develop via a planuliform larva.

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