Figure 1From: Immunocytochemical studies reveal novel neural structures in nemertean pilidium larvae and provide evidence for incorporation of larval components into the juvenile nervous systemSuggested nemertean interrelationships. (A) Traditional nemertean phylogeny based on adult morphology, modified after [14]. The phylum is divided into two sub-taxa: Anopla and Enopla. Anopla comprises Palaeonemertea and Heteronemertea. Enopla comprises Hoplonemertea and Bdellonemertea. (B) Nemertean interrelationships based on EST data, modified after [15]. “Palaeonemertea” is a paraphyletic assemblage where only some of its representatives constitute a basal offshoot within Nemertea. The Pilidiophora contain the Heteronemertea and the Hubrechtidae and form a monophyletic clade whose members develop via a pilidium larva. The sistergroup to the Pilidiophora is the monophyletic Hoplonemertea. The Hoplonemertea, which in this phylogeny are a synonym for Enopla, include Bdellonemertea. Similar to the “Palaeonemertea”, its representatives develop via a planuliform larva.Back to article page