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Figure 3 | Frontiers in Zoology

Figure 3

From: Dynamics of symbiont-mediated antibiotic production reveal efficient long-term protection for beewolf offspring

Figure 3

Expression levels of different housekeeping genes and the whiB sporulation regulatory gene on beewolf cocoons at different time points after cocoon spinning, obtained from RT-qPCR assays (on log scale). a) whiB; b) ftsZ; c) EF-Tu; d) gyrB. The different groups refer to days after cocoon spinning; emergence: eclosion of adult beewolf from the cocoon (about four weeks after cocoon spinning), hibernation: eclosion after diapause (about 8 months after cocoon spinning). Bold lines represent medians, boxes comprise the interquartile range, bars indicate minimum and maximum values, outliers are given as dots. Different letters above the boxes represent significant differences (ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests: df=7, p<0.05 for all analyses), The grey bar indicates the level of unspecific amplification as obtained from the qPCR negative control.

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